BIRDS OP NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 187 



Coloration. — Inner webs of remiges spotted or banded with whitish, 

 at least on proximal portion, but no white spots on outer webs; 

 general color of upper parts plain olive-brown, olive, yellowish olive, 

 golden olive or russet, or bright red; under parts usually barred 

 with olive or dusky and whitish, sometimes plain olive (like upper 

 parts), sometimes plain whitish (the upper surface bright red); 

 adult males with pileum or nape (or both) bright red. 



Range. — Southeastern Mexico to southern Brazil, Argentina, 

 Bolivia, and Peru. (About twenty-six species, mostly South 

 American.) 



KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OP VENILIORNIS. 



a. Under parts plain smoky brown or tawny-olive. ( Veniliornis oleaginus.) 

 b. Sides of head conspicuously paler than general color, the orbital region dull 

 whitish; chin and upper throat dull whitish, mottled with dark grayish. 

 (Highlands in States of San Luis Potosi, Puebla, and Vera Cruz, eastern 



Mexico.) Veniliornis oleaginus oleaginus (p. 188) 



66. Sides of head not conspicuously paler than general color, the orbital region, 

 chin, and upper throat pale brown or buffy brown. 

 c. Smaller (wing 82-98.5, tail 40-54.5, culmen 18.5-22.5, tarsus 15-19); colora- 

 tion averaging deeper and brighter. (State of Vera Cruz to western Panama. ) 



Veniliornis oleaginus sanguinolentus (p. 190). 

 cc. Larger (wing 96-97, tail 49-50, culmen 21-24, tarsus 18.5-19); coloration 

 averaging lighter and duller. (Mountains of Colombia and Venezuela to 

 Peru, Bolivia, and Argentina.) 



Veniliornis oleaginus fumigatus (extralimital).a 



aa. Under parts barred with grayish brown or olive and dull whitish. (Veniliornis 



kirkii.) 



b. Wing-coverts with distinct small spots or streaks of yellow. 



c. Coloration darker, the dusky bars on under parts much broader, the back, 



etc., less yellowish; larger (wing averaging 88.7, tail 54, culmen 22.2, tarsus 



16.5). (Tobago and Trinidad.) Veniliornis kirkii kirkii (extralimital).^ 



a Picus fumigatus Lafresnaye and D'Orbigny, Voy. Am. M^rid., iv, pt. 3, 1839, 380, 

 pi. 65, fig. 1 (Province of Corrientes, Argentina, to Chiquitos, Bolivia); Sundevall, 

 Consp. Picin., 1866, 35. — Dendrobates fumigatus Gray, Gen. Birds, iii, 1849, App. 

 p. 21; Hargitt, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xviii, 1890, 342.—[Chloronerpes] fumigatus 

 Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 118. — Mesopicus fumigatus Malherbe, Mon. Pic, ii, 

 1862, 54, pi. 57, figs. 3, 4. — P[haeonerpes] fumigatus Cabanis and Heine, Mus. Hein., 

 iv, heft 2, 1863, 139. — Veniliornis fumigatus Oberholser, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 

 June 2, 1899,205. 



This South American bird almost certainly requires subdivision. 



^P[icus] (Chloropicus) kirkii Malherbe, Rev. Zool., viii, Nov., 1845, 400 (Tobago; 

 coll. Brit. Mns.).—C[hloronerpes] kirkii Gray, Gen. Birds, ii, 1846, 443. — Ch-ysoptilus 

 Hriii Jardine, Contr. Orn., 1848, 15, pi. 2. — Mesopicus /;M'U Malherbe, Mon. Picid., 

 iii, 1861, pi. 59, figs. 7, 8.—Chloronerpes kirkii Sclater, Cat. Am. Birds, 1862, 338 

 (Trinidad). — E[rythronerpes] kirki Cabanis and Heine, Mus. Hein., iv, heft 2, 1863, 

 144, footnote (Tobago; Trinidad). — Picus kirkii Sundevall, Consp. Picin., 1866, 36. — 

 Dendrobates kirki Hargitt, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xviii, 1890, 365, part (Trinidad; 

 Tobago). — Veniliornis kirkii Oberholser, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., June 2, 1899, 

 205.— Veniliornis kirkii kirkii Hellmayr, Novit. Zool., xiii, Feb., 1906, 39 (Tobago; 

 Trinidad). 



