BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 125 



webs of remiges broadly edged or spotted with vinaceous-cinnamon 

 or yellow, the sides of head or the throat sometimes bright yellow. 



Bill shorter than head, rather broad and depressed basally (de- 

 cidedly broader than deep at anterior end of nostrils), regularly 

 wedge-shaped in vertical profile; culmen straight or, sometimes, very 

 faintly convex, distinctly (usually sharply) ridged; gonys slightly to 

 decidedly longer than mandibular rami, faintly concave anteriorly, 

 faintly convex and slightly prominent basally; supranasal ridge very 

 distinct, extending for basal half or more of maxilla, much nearer 

 to culmen than to tomium (except anteriorly). Nostril rather small, 

 longitudinally oval or elliptical, situated rather nearer to tomium 

 than to culmen, at least partly covered by small bristle-like antrorse 

 prefrontal feathers. Feathers of malar apex small, bristle-like, 

 antrorse, or semiantrorse, those of chin with small bristle-like, semi- 

 antrorse tips. Orbital region naked, including margin of eyelids 

 except posterior portion of the lower, which sometimes has a few 

 minute feathers. Wing rather long and pointed, the longest pri- 

 maries exceeding secondaries by about one-fourth the length of 

 wing; sixth and seventh or sixth, seventh, and eighth primaries 

 longest, the ninth equal to or longer than third, the tenth (outer- 

 most) one-third to one-half as long as ninth. Tail slightly to de- 

 cidedly more than half as long as wing, the middle rectrices grad- 

 ually acuminate. Tarsus decidedly longer than either outer toe 

 without claw, the outer hind toe decidedly shorter than the outer 

 front toe; tarsi and toes rather slender, but claws large and strongly 

 curved. 



Coloration. — Upper parts mostly plain olive-green or oil-green; 

 under parts conspicuously barred with olive, or dusky, and yellowish; 

 inner webs of remiges broadly edged, or banded, with vinaceous- 

 cinnamon or more narrowly edged with yellow; sides of head or 

 throat sometimes bright yellow; adult males with more or less of 

 the pileum and a broad malar stripe (sometimes throat also) bright 

 red, adult females with red only on nape or part of pileum or with 

 none at all. 



Range. — Middle Mexico to southern Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia, and 

 Peru. (About twenty species and subspecies.) 



KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF CHLORONERPES. 



a. Under wing-coverts and edges of inner webs of remiges light yellow; remiges not 

 barred, and with yellow shafts. 

 6. Chin and throat whitish, streaked or barred with blackish or grayish; adults 

 with only part, or none, of pileum crimson; adult females with malar region 

 whitish streaked with grayish or dusky, 

 c. Pileum and nape uniform slate-gray (without red in either sex). (South- 

 western Mexico) CMoronerpes auricularis (p. 128) 



cc. Pileum crimson laterally (at least posteriorly); nape wholly crimson. 



