BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 171 



Bill about as long as head, stout, regularly wedge-shaped m 

 vertical profile, not depressed, its width at anterior end of nostrils 

 but slightly if at all exceeding its depth at same point; culmen 

 straight or but very slightly convex in middle portion, very strongly 

 ridged; gonys less than three times as long as mandibular rami, 

 straight, ascending terminally, slightly prominent and convex 

 basally, distinctly but not sharply ridged; supranasal ridge very 

 distinct, running out to (or toward) tomium at a point anterior to 

 one-third the distance from tip of maxilla to base. Nostril longi- 

 tudinally oval or ovate, situated much nearer to tomium than to 

 culmen, partly covered by the small antrorse prefrontal feathers, 

 these forming a small but distinct tuft, except in S. guatemdlensis, 

 in which the feathering surrounding base of bill is shorter, coarser, 

 and more erect; feathers of malar apex and chin (especially the 

 former) antrorse, but without distinct, if any, bristle-like tips. Orbits 

 completely and extensively naked; feathers of occiput developed into 

 a conspicuous obtusely pointed, but not recurved, crest. Wing 

 moderately long, the longer primaries exceeding secondaries by a 

 Uttle more than one-fifth the length of wing ; sixth and seventh, or 

 fifth, sixth, and seventh, primaries longest, the ninth equal to second 

 or third, the tenth (outermost) decidedly more than half to nearly 

 two-thirds as long as tenth, at least one-seventh as wide as long, 

 distinctly incurved. Tail a little more than half to about three- 

 fifths as long as wing. Tarsus slightly though decidedly longer than 

 outer hind toe without claw, stout, the planta tarsi covered with 

 small hexagonal scutella (less distinct on inner side) ; outer hind toe 

 exceeding outer front toe by more than half the length of its terminal 

 phalanx; claws exceedingly large and strongly curved, that of the 

 inner liind toe conspicuously smaller than the rest. 



Coloration. — Upper parts and chest (whole under parts in S. 

 leucopogon) black, the interscapular region with a white stripe along 

 each side (continuous with a wliite stripe along side of neck) or (in 

 S. leucopogon) interscapulars immaculate buff; under parts posterior 

 to chest (except in S. leucopogon) barred mth black and buff, pale 

 tawny, or white; inner webs of remiges with proximal portion im- 

 maculate white or yellow, or (in S. leucopogon) with proximal por- 

 tion of primaries (only) cinnamon-tawny; greater part (sometimes 

 whole) of head red in adult males, partly black in females. 



Range. — Southern Mexico to southeastern Brazil, Uruguay, BoHvia, 

 and Peru. (Several species.**) 



« I have not had the opportunity of examining in this connection "Campephilus" 

 rubricollis (Boddaert) or C. trachelopyrus (Malherbe); but C. gumjaquilensis and 

 C. vielanoleucus T would refer to Scapaneus. 



