BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 243 



equal in width; middle and greater wing-coverts black, the former 

 with a single subterminal roundish or subcordate spot of white, the 

 latter with two roundish white spots on outer web; remiges black, 

 broadly barred with white, their inner webs with larger roundish or 

 subquadrate spots of the same; outermost normal (i. e., second) rec- 

 trix white, with one complete subterminal bar of black and a second 

 incomplete or interrupted bar, the basal portion of inner web usually 

 with more or less of black; next rectrix similar but with more black 

 at base and with second subterminal interrupted bar reduced to a 

 pair of small, widely sparated spots, or even obsolete; third (i. e. 

 fourth) rectrix with more than basal half black and without second 

 (sometimes wdthout any) subterminal black spot or bar; nasal tufts 

 and anterior portion of loral or latero-frontal region dull whitish or 

 light yellowish, the former dusky terminally; posterior portion of 

 loral region, narrow rictal stripe (extending posteriorly beneath orbital 

 and auricular regions), a broader supra-auricular stripe (extending 

 anteriorly to at least middle of orbital region and posteriorly con- 

 tinued, more broadly, along sides of neck), together with under parts, 

 white, the under parts of body usually tinged, more or less strongly, 

 with pale brownish buffy; auricular region and broad malar stripe 

 (the latter continued posteriorly over lower sides of neck, where 

 much expanded), black; sides and flanks spotted with black, the 

 markings more longitudinal on sides of breast, more transverse on 

 flanks; under taii-coverts barred or transversely spotted with black; 

 bill horn color (more or less dark) usually darker toward culmen; 

 iris brown; legs and feet grayish olive or greenish gray in dried skins. 



Adult male in spring and summer. — Similar to the autumnal and 

 winter plumage, but white streaks on forehead and crown much 

 reduced in size, sometimes obsolete, and red nuchal area more 

 restricted, through wearing off of red tips of feathers of anterior 

 portion. 



Adult female in autumn and winter. — Similar to the adult male of 

 corresponding season, but without any red on occiput or nape, which 

 are black, with guttate or elliptical streaks of white, like forehead 

 and crown. 



Adult female in spring and summer. — Similar to the fall and winter 

 plumage, but pileum and hindneck uniform black or else (in earlier 

 spring), with very small or scattered white streaks. 



Young male. — Essentially like adult males, but occiput, nape, and 

 hindneck uniform black, the whole crown red, spotted or speckled 

 with white, "pattern" of upper parts less sharply defined, and mark- 

 ings on lateral under parts less distinct. 



Young female.— Similar to the 3^oung male, but red of crown more 

 restricted, and forehead streaked with white. 



