BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 283 



indistinctly barred with, darker, the flanks broadly and rather dis- 

 tinctly barred with dull gray and white; under tail-coverts white, 

 more or less broken by variable markings of dusky grayish ; abdomen 

 dull pale yellowish or dull yellowish white. 



California; breeding in Transition Zone from northern California 

 to mountains of southern California, east to south-central Oregon 

 (Fort Klamath), and eastern slope of Sierra Nevada; south in winter 

 to northern Lower California (Ensenada; Rosario). 



[Picus] ruber Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. 1, 1788, 429 (based on Red breasted Wood- 

 pecker Latham, Syn. i, pt. 2, p. 562, no. 9). — Latham, Index Om., i, 1790, 

 228.— Gray, Hand-list, ii, 1870, 186, no. 8616, part. 



Picus ruber Stephens, Shaw's Gen. ZooL, ix, 1815, 160. — Vigors, Zool. Voy. 

 "Blossom," 1839, 23 (Monterey, California). — AuDUBOfis^ Om. Biog., v, 1839, 

 179, part, pi. 416, figs. 9, 10; Synopsis, 1839, 181, part; Birds Am., oct. ed., 

 iv, 1842, 261, part, pi. 266.— Nuttall, Man. Orn. U. S. and Can., Land 

 Birds, 2d ed., 1840, 681.— Herrmann, Journ. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1853, 

 270 (California); Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., x, pt. vi, 1859, 57 (mts. of Cali- 

 fornia). — Malherbe, Mon. Picid., i, 1861, 132, part; iii, 1861, pi. 31, figs. 1, 

 2. — SuNDEVALL, Consp. Av. Picin., 1866, 32, part (California). — Gray, List 

 Birds Brit. Mus., Picidse, 1868, 51. 



P[icus] ruber Wagler, Sys. Av., 1827, Picus, sp. 15. 



Melanerpes ruber Bonaparte, Geog. and Comp. List, 1838, 39, part. — Gambel, 

 Joimi. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1847, 56 (California).— Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. 

 Lond., 1857, 127 (San Jose Valley, California); 



M[elanerpes] ruber Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1858, 2. 



[Melanerpes] ruber Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 115, part. 



[Pilumnus] ruber Bonaparte, Ateneo Italiano, ii, 1854, 123 (Consp. Volucr. Zy- 

 god., 1854, 8), part. 



Sphyrapicus ruber Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Sm-v., ix, 1858, pp. xxviii, 104, 

 part; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 1859, no. 87, part. — Coues, Check List, 1873, no. 

 303?, part.— Henshaw, Rep. Orn. Spec. Wheeler's Surv., 1877, 1319 (e. 

 slope Sierra Nevada). — Ridgway, Ojp.40th Parallel, 1877, 549 (w. slope Sierra 

 Nevada). — American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886 (and 2-ded., 

 1895), no. 403, part.— Cooper, Auk, iv, 1887, 91 (Saticoy, California, Nov.).— 

 Bendire, Auk, V, 1888, 229, part (geog. range; habits, etc.); Life Hist. N.Am. 

 Birds, ii, 1895, 92, part. — Merrill and Brewster, Auk, v, 1888, 255 (Ft. Kla- 

 math, s. e. Oregon). — Bryant, Proc. Calif. Ac. Sci., ser. 2, 1889, 286 (Ensenada, 

 Lower California). — Fisher (A. K.), North Am. Fauna, no. 7, 1893, 48 (Tej6n 

 Pass, B. California, July; s. Sierra Nevada, Aug., Sept.). — Grinnell (J.), 

 Pub. 2, Pasadena Ac. Sci., 1898, 25 (Los Angeles Co., California, Oct.- 

 March). — Merriam, North Am. Fauna, no. 16, 1899, 114 (Mt. Shasta). — 

 Van Denburg, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc, xxxviii, 1899, 163 (Los Gatos and 

 Palo Alto, California, Nov., Dec). — Stone, Proc Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1904, 

 581 (Mt. Sanhedrin, Mendocino Co., California; crit.). — Thayer and Bangs, 

 Condor, ix, 1907, 136 (Rosario, Lower California, Nov.). — Beal, Bull. 34, 

 U. S. Biol. Surv., 1910, 21 (food); Bull. 37, 1911, 31 (food). 



[Sphyrapicus] ruber Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 1872, 195, part. 



S[j)hyrapicus] ruber Ridgway, Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 289, part. 



Sphyropicus ruber Xantus, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859, 190 (Ft. Tej6n, 

 California). — Cooper, Orn. Cal., 1870, 392, part. — Baird, Brewer, and 

 Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, ii, 1874, pi. 51, fig. 6 (California).- Hargitt, 

 Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xviii, 1890, 194, part. 



