300 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



tinged on chest with pale brownish gray, and bars on sides and flanks 

 slate-black and much less sharply defined. 



Young female. — Similar to the young male, but yellow crown-spot 

 much smaller (sometimes absent?). 



Canadian life-zone of North America; north to central Alaska 

 (Mechatna Kiver; Yukon River), Yukon (Fort Reliance), southern 

 Mackenzie (Fort Anderson; Fort Rae; Fort Providence), central 

 Keewatin, and northern Ungava (Forks); breeding southward to 

 Maine, New Hampshire (Franconia), Vermont (Lunenburg), north- 

 ern New York (Lewis, Hamilton, and Herkimer counties), northern 

 Ontario (Parry Sound; Muskoka), northern Michigan (Porcupine 

 Mountams; Cheboygan County; Crawford County; Oscoda County), 

 northern Minnesota (Carlton, Cass, and Becker counties), Montana 

 (Prickly Pear Canyon between Helena and Fort Shaw; Columbia 

 Falls), Wyoming (Black Hills), Oregon (Plymouth; Fort Klamath) 

 and northeastern California (Honey Lake); in winter, sporadically 

 or irregularly southward to Massachusetts (Plymouth; Lynn; Wo- 

 burn ; Winchendon ; Hyde Park ; Cape Cod) , Connecticut (East Windsor 

 Hill), Pennsylvania (Pocono Mountains), southern Ontario, northern 

 Ohio, northeastern Illinois (Chicago), Wisconsin (Menomonie), east- 

 ern Nebraska (Omaha), etc., and in Sierra Nevada to latitude 39° 

 or farther. 



Picus (Aptemus) arcticus Swainson, Fauna Bor.-Am., ii, 1831, pp. xxvi, 313 

 (eastern slope of Rocky Mts. near sources of Athabasca R.). — Nuttall, Man. 

 Orn. U. S. and Can., Water Birds, 1834, 603; Land Birds, 2d ed., 1840, 691. 



Aptemus arcticus Swainson, Classif. Birds, ii, 1837, 306. — Bonaparte, Geog. and 

 Comp. List, 1838, 39.— Newberry, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., vi, 1857, 91 

 (Cascade Mts., Oregon). 



[Aptemus] arcticus Bonaparte, Consp. Av., i, 1850, 139; Ateneo Italiano, ii, 1854, 

 123 (Consp. Volucr. Zygod., 1854, 8). — Lichtbnstein, Nom. Av. Mus. BeroL, 

 1854, 75. 



A[pternus] arcticus Reichenbach, Handb. Scanaores, Picinae, 1854, 361, pi. 630, 

 figs. 4189, 4190, 4191. 



Picus arcticus Swainson, Fauna Bor.-Am., ii, 1831, pi. 57. — Gloger, Handb. 

 Naturg. Vog. Eur., 1834, 462, footnote. — Nuttall, Man. Orn. U. S. and Can., 

 2d ed., i, 1840, 691.— Audubon, Synopsis, 1839, 182; Birds Am., oct. ed., iv, 

 1842, 266, pi. 268.— Putnam, Proc. Essex Inst., 1856, 214 (Massachusetts).— 

 Sundevall, Consp. Av. Picin., 1866, 15. 



P[icus] arcticus Willis, An. Rep. Smithson. Inst, for 1858 (1859), 284 (Nova 

 Scotia, resident). 



P[icoides] arcticus Gray, Gen. Birds, ii, 1845, 434. — Coues, Key N. Am. Birds, 

 2d ed., 1884, 485.— Ridgway, Ann. Lye. N. Y., x, 1874, 377 (n. Illinois, win- 

 ter visitant); Man. N. Am. Birds, 1887, 287. — Nelson, Bull. Essex Inst., 

 viii, 1876, 115 (Chicago, Illinois, 1 spec). 



Picoides arcticus Baird, Rep. Pacific R. R. Surv., ix, 1858, 98; Cat. N. Am. Birds, 

 1859, no. 82.— Malherbe, Hon. Picid., i, 1861, 174; iii, 1861, pi. 39, figs. 

 5, 6. — BoARDMAN, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., 1862, 123 (Maine).— Blakiston, 

 Ibis, 1863, 51 (Red R. Settlement, Manitoba; Mackenzie R.; w. slope Rocky 

 Mts.).— Lord, Proc. Roy. Artil. Inst. Woolwich, iv, 1864, 112 (mts. Brit. 

 Columbia). — McIlwraith, Proc. Essex Inst,, 1866, 83 (Hamilton, Ontario, 



