198 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



ff. Smaller (averaging: wing less than 110 in male, less than 106 in female, 

 tail less than 64 in male, less than 61 in female); underparts less 

 grayish brown. 

 g. Underparts darker brown. 

 h. Larger (wing averaging 109.4 in male, 104.6 in female, tail 63.9 in 

 male, 60.9 in female). (Guatemala and State of Chiapas, south- 

 ern Mexico.) Dryobates villosus sanctorum (p. 225). 



hh. Smaller (wing averaging 102.8 in male, 102.1 in female, tail 58.6 

 in male, 58.4 in female). (Highlands of Costa Rica and western 



Panamd.) Dryobates villosus extimus (p. 226). 



gg. Underparts paler brown (size of D. v. sanctorum). (Highlands of 



northern Nicaragua.) Dryobates villosus fumeus (p. 226). 



hh. Smaller (wing less — usually much less — than 106, the underparts pure white 



to dull white); exposed culmen not more, usually much less, than 18 mm. 



(Dryohates pubescens.) 



c. Middle wing-coverts heavily spotted with white; greater coverts with a large 



sub-basal (concealed) spot of white; all the secondaries spotted (in transverse 



series) with white. (Eastern and northern forms.) 



d. Smaller (averaging: wing 88.6 in male, 88.7 in female, tail 50.5 in male, 



51.6 in female); underparts dull white. (Lower Austral Zone of Eastern 



ITnited States.) Dryobates pubescens pubescens (p. 228). 



dd. Larger (averaging: wing more than 94, tail more than 55); underparts pure 

 white. 

 e. Smaller (averaging: wing 94.1 in male, 94.7 in female, tail 55.8 in male, 

 56.4 in female). (Middle districts of eastern North America, in Upper 

 Austral and Transition life-zones; Kodiak Island, Alaska?) 



Dryobates pubescens medianus (p. 233). 



ee. Larger (averaging: wing 99.1 in male, 98.8 in female, tail 63.1 in male, 



63.3 in female). (Northern North America, east of Rocky Mts., north 



to Mackenzie and Yukon, west to west coast of Alaska; south in winter 



to extreme northern United States.) 



Dryobates pubescens nelsoni (p. 235). 



cc. Middle wing-coverts wholly black or with much fewer or smaller white spots; 



greater coverts without any eub-basal (concealed) white spot, often wholly 



black; inner secondaries without transverse white spots, and spots on other 



remiges reduced in size. (Western forms.) 



d. Under parts pure white; larger (wing averaging 99.3 in male, 100.9 in female, 



tail 62.3 in male, 63.9 in female). (Rocky Mountain district, from British 



Columbia to New Mexico and Arizona; during migration, west to eastern 



California, etc., east to eastern Montana, western Nebraska, etc.) 



Dryobates pubescens homorus (p. 236). 



dd. Under parts not pure white; smaller (wing averaging less than 98, tail less 



than 62). 



e. Larger (averaging wing 96 in male, 97.2 in female); inner secondaries with 



rounded spots of white; middle wing-coverts spotted with white; under 



parts grayish white. (Coast district of southern Alaska, from Kenai 



Peninsula to Taku River.) Dryobates pubescens glacialis (p. 239). 



ee. Smaller (averaging wing less than 96 in male, less than 93 in female); 



inner secondaries and middle coverts usually without white spots; 



under parts brownish white to light brownish gray or drab. 



/. Under parts light brownish gray or drab; slightly larger (averaging wing 



95.1 in male, 92.8 in female). (Northwest coast district, from southern 



British Columbia to northern California.) 



Dryobates pubescens gairdnerii (p. 241). 



