BIEDS OP NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 199 



ff. Under parts dull white or brownish white; slightly smaller (averaging 

 wing 92.6 in male, 92.2 in female). (California, except northern coast 

 district and southeastern desert mountains.) 



Dryobates pubescens turati (p. 239). 

 z. Back regularly barred with black (or dark brown) and white, or else wholly 

 uniform brown; black or dark brown auricular area not confluent with same 

 color of hindneck. 

 6. Scapulars (as well as interscapulars) barred with black and white. 

 c. Forehead black, abruptly contrasted with white or dull buffy of nasal tufts; 

 general color of under parts (normally) pure white; adult male with whole 

 crown black (sometimes streaked, not spotted, with white). (Southwestern 

 Oregon, through California, to northwestern Lower California.) 



Dryobates nuttallii (p. 242). 

 cc. Forehead smoky brownish (more or less dark), not strongly contrasted with 

 similar but usually paler color of nasal tufts; general color of under parts 

 dull brownish white to broccoli brown or drab; adult male with crown 

 spotted with red and white. {Dryobates scalaris.) 

 d. Smaller (wing averaging less than 98 in male, less than 96 in female). 

 e. Larger (wing averaging more than 94 in male, more than 92 in female). 

 /. Lateral under parts spotted; posterior under parts more heavily barred; 

 outer web of lateral (developed) rectrix usually broadly barred on 

 proximal half. 

 g. Under parts less numerously spotted, the median portion of chest 

 with few if any markings; bill larger (exposed culmen averaging 

 20.2 in male, 18.5 in female). (Middle and northern Vera Cruz, 

 southern Tamaulipas, and southern San Luis Potosi.) 



Dryobates scalaris scalaris (p. 245). 



gg. Under parts more numerously spotted, the whole chest spotted; bill 



smaller (exposed culmen averaging 18.8 in male, 17.3 in female). 



(State of Chiapas.) Dryobates scalaris parous (p. 248). 



ff. Lateral under parts streaked; posterior under parts less heavily barred 



(usually spotted); outer web of lateral rectrix with proximal half 



unbarred. 



g. Smaller (averaging: wing 94.5 in male, 94.6 in female; culmen 20.3 in 



male, 18.2 in female; tarsus 16.8 in male, 16.3 in female); under 



parts darker, more smoky. (State of Sinaloa, western Mexico.) 



Dryobates scalaris sinaloensis (p. 250). 

 gg. Larger (averaging: wing 97.7 in male, 95 in female; culmen 22.1 in 

 male, 19.3 in female; tarsus 17.4 in male, 17 in female); under parts 

 paler, more buffy. (Tres Marias Islands, western Mexico.) 



Dryobates scalaris graysoni (p. 250). 

 ee. Smaller (wing averaging less than 93 in male, less than 89 in female). 

 /. Outer web of lateral rectrix with proximal half distinctly barred with 

 black. 

 g. 'VSTiite bars on back, etc., broader (decidedly wider than black ones); 

 black bars on lateral rectrices narrower; wing slightly longer (aver- 

 aging 90.7 in male, 88 in female). (Coast district of southern Vera 

 Cruz.). Dryobates scalaris ridgwayi (p. 247). 



gg. White bars on back, etc., narrower (narrower than black ones); black 

 bars on lateral rectrices broader; wing slightly shorter (averaging 

 89.1 in male, 87 in female). (Yucatan.) 



Dryobates scalaris parvus (p. 248). 



