340 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



Rhamphastos ambiguus Sclatee, Proc. ZooL Soc. Lond., 1859, 146 (Pallatanga, w. 

 Ecuador); 1860, 95 (Nanegal, w. Ecuador); Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xix, 1891, 

 128 (Bogota and Manaure, Colombia; Guataparo, Venezuela; Pallatanga and 

 San Jose, w. Ecuador; Chayavetas, e. Peru). — Berlepsch and Taczanowski, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1883, 573 (Chimbo, n. w. Ecuador; crit.); 1885, 68 

 (Chimbo, w. Ecuador). — Berlepsch and Stolzmann, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 

 1902, pt. 2, 38 (Borgona and La Gloria, centr. Peru). 



R[amphastos] eugnaihos Wagler, Syst. Av., 1827, Additamenta (new name for 

 R. ambiguus Gould). 



Rhamphastos siuainsonii Gould, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., pt. i, no. vi, Sept. 20, 

 1833, 69, part (mts. of Colombia; coll. Zool. Soc. Lond.). 



Ramphastos swainsonii Gould, Mon. Ramphastidse, ed. 1, part 1, 1833, pi. 8, 

 lower fig., and text, part. 



R[amphastos] abbreviatus Cabanis, Journ. fiir Om., x, heft 5, Sept., 1862, 334 

 (Puerto Cabello, Venezuela; coll. Berlin Mus.). 



Genus PTEROGLOSSUS Illiger. 



Pteroglossus Illiger, Prodr, Om., 1811, 202. (Type, Ramphastos aracari Lin- 

 naeus.) 



Aracari Lesson, Man. d'Om., ii, 1828, 131, (Type, Ramphastos aracari Linnaeus; 

 new name to replace Pteroglossus, a " nom impropre. ") 



Pyrosterna Bonaparte, Ateneo Italiano, ii, 1854, 119 (Consp. Volucr. Zygod., 

 1854, 4). (Type, Pteroglossus bitorquatus Vigors.) 



Grammarhynchus Gould, Mon. Ramph., 2d ed., introd., 1854, 26. (Type, Ptero- 

 glossus inscriptv^ Swainson.) 



Rather large to small Ramphastidse (length about 320-480 mm.) 

 with the excessively graduated tail longer than wing, rump red, throat 

 and foreneck black or dark chestnut, under parts of body yellow 

 (with or without a band of red across middle portion) or with ante- 

 rior half red or black and red. 



Bill three-fifths to more than three-fourths as long as wing, the 

 culmen broadly rounded, usually more or less strongly arched (though 

 sometimes straight basaUy), very strongly decurved terminally, the 

 tip of maxilla distinctly (sometimes very strongly) uncinate; width 

 of bill at base less than its depth at same point; sides of both 

 maxilla and mandible smooth, without trace of ridge or groove or 

 tendency to lateral concavity, but sometimes with tendency to trans- 

 verse, shallow ridges or grooves on basal portion, usually with a raised 

 basal margin (white or yellowish); tomial serrations very variable 

 as to size and number, but always very distinct; gonys rounded, 

 broadly so (sometimes flattened) basally, much narrower terminally 

 (where strongly decurved), about two and a half to three times as 

 long as mandibular rami. Nostrils opening vertically on each side 

 of the broad and flattened mesorhinium, roundish to oblong, fully 

 exposed. Orbital and loral regions naked. Wing rather short, 

 rounded, the longest primaries extending slightly but decidedly 

 beyond secondaries; fifth and sixth, sixth and seventh, fifth, sixth, 

 and seventh, or fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh primaries longest, 

 the eighth usuaUy equal to or slightly shorter than secondaries but 



