BIBDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMEEICA. 341 



sometimes equal to third primary, the ninth shorter than first, the 

 tenth (outermost) about half as long as ninth. Tail longer than 

 wing, excessively graduated, the middle pair of rectrices longest and 

 outer pair about one-third as long (or slightly more), the rectrices 

 narrow, tapering terminally, but rounded at tip. Tarsus longer than 

 middle toe without claw. 



Coloration. — Head and neck (all round) black or dark chestnut, 

 the hindneck sometimes crossed by a band (more or less broad) of 

 chestnut or crimson; back and wings dark olive-greenish; rump 

 (sometimes upper tail-coverts also) crimson; under parts, posterior 

 to foreneck, yellow, usually crossed in middle portion by a band of 

 red or red and black, sometimes by two bands of black, sometimes 

 suffused in middle portion with chestnut, or with chest and breast 

 crimson, or chest crimson and breast black; thighs often chestnut. 

 (Sexes ahke.) 



Range. — Southeastern Mexico to eastern Peru, Bolivia, south- 

 eastern Brazil, and Cayenne. (About 17 species.) 



KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF PTEROGLOSSUS. 



a. Maxilla smoothly rounded laterally; feathers of pileum blended, not distinctly 

 lanceolate; a chestnut or cinnamon-rufous band across hindneck. 

 h. Maxilla dull ivory whitish, blotched along tomia with blackish; abdominal 

 band narrow, black medially, red laterally. (Pteroglossus torquatus.) 

 c. Larger (wing averaging more than 145, culmen averaging more than 100 in 

 male, more than 95 in female); thighs deeper cinnamon-rufous. 

 d. Basal white embossed lamina of bill averaging decidedly narrower; black 

 pectoral spot averaging smaller, often obsolete; back, etc., darker, more 

 bluish or blackish green. (Southeastern Mexico to Panama, except in 



Yucatan and Campeche.) Pteroglossus torquatus torquatus (p. 342). 



dd. Basal white embossed lamina of bill averaging much wider; black pectoral 

 spot averaging larger, never (?) obsolete; back, etc., lighter, more oliva- 

 ceous green. (Colombia; Venezuela.) 



Pteroglossus torquatus nuchalis (extralimital).o 

 cc. Smaller (wing averaging about 132.3 in male, 120.5 in female; culmen averag- 

 ing about 82 in male, 75.5 in female) ; thighs paler cinnamon-rufous. (Yuca- 

 tan and Campeche.) Pteroglossus torquatus erythrozonus (p. 345). 



hb. Maxilla yellower orange, without black blotches along tomia; abdominal band 

 very broad, red with an anterior margin of black. (Western Costa Rica to 

 northwestern Colombia.) Pteroglossus frantzii (p. 345). 



"' Pteroglossus torquatus (not Ramphastos torquatus Gmelin) Sclater and SaK-in, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1879, 537 (Remedies, Antioquia, Colombia). — Salvin and 

 Godman, Ibis, 1880, 175 (Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, and Minca, Santa Marta, 

 Colombia, 2,000 feet; habits).— Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xix, 1891, 141, part 

 (Santa Marta, and Remedies, Antioquia, Colombia; Puerto Cabello, Venezuela). — 

 Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, ii, 1896, 555, part (n. Colombia; Vene- 

 zuela) .—Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xii, 1898, 134 (Santa Marta, Colombia).— 

 Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., xiii, 1900, 133 (Bonda, Santa Marta). — Pteroglossus 

 nuchalis Cabanis, Joum. fiir Orn., Sept., 1862, 332 (Puerto Cabello, Venezuela; coll. 

 Berlin Mus.).— Cassin, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1867, 110. 



