BIKDS OP NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 395 



bb. Fore part of head entirely black. (Amazon Valley.) 



Monasa nigrifrons (extralimital).o 

 aa. With white on wings; back black. 



b. Larger (wing about 135); proximal middle and greater wing-coverts broadly 

 tipped with grayish white; under wing-coverts light gray; bill red (in life). 



(Guianas and Lower Amazon Valley) Monasa nigra (extralimital).& 



bb. Smaller (wing about 115); middle and greater wing-coverts entirely black, but 

 anterior part of lesser covert area and whole of under wing-coverts white; bill 

 clear lemon yellow. (Colombia to eastern Peru.) 



Monasa flavirostris (extralimital).c 



MONASA GRANDIOR Sclater and Salvin. 



COSTA RICAN MONASA. 



Adults (sexes alike). — A frontal area, involving anterior portion of 

 forehead, antrorse supranasal plumes, and greater part of lores, and 

 another on chin and upper throat, dull buffy white or (in younger 

 birds?) tawny-buff; rest of head uniform black passing gradually 

 into uniform slate color on hindneck, back, scapulars, wing-coverts, 

 rump, and upper tail-coverts, and into slate-gray on under parts, the 

 latter very slightly paler gray posteriorly; remiges slate-black, the 

 secondaries edged with slate color, the outer web of inner (proximal) 

 secondaries mostly slate color; tail bluish black; bill bright orange- 



aBucco nigrifrons Spix, Av. Bras., i, 1824, 53, pi. 41, fig. 2. — M[onasd] nigrifrons 

 Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1846, 74. — Monasa nigrifrons Gray, List Fissirostr. Birds Brit. 

 Mus., 1848, 49; Sclater, Ann. and Mag. N. H., ser. 2, xiii, 1854, 481 (monogr.); Synop. 

 Bucconidse, 1854, 22. — M[onasta] nigrifrons Cabania and Heine, Mus. Hein., iv, heft 

 1, 1863, 127. — Monadia nigrifrons Sclater, Mon. Jacam. and Puff-Birds, 1882, 159, pi. 

 54; Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xix, 1891, 206. — Lypornix unicolor Wagler, Syst. Av., 

 1827, Lypornix, sp. 2. 



& Cuculus niger Miiller, Syst. Nat. Suppl., 1776, 90 (Cayenne; based on Coucou 

 noir de Cayenne Daubenton, PI. Enl., pi. 512). — Monacha nigra Sclater, Mon. Jacam. 

 and Puff-Birds, 1882, 145, pi. 48; Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xix, 1891, 2Q'i.—Cuciaus 

 ater Boddaert, Tabl. PI. Enl., 1783, 30 (based on Pi. Enl., pi. 512).— Monasa atra Gray, 

 List Fissirostr. Birds Brit. Mus., 1848, 49; Sclater, Ann. and Mag. N. H., ser. 2, xiii, 

 1854, 480 (monogr.); Synop. Bucconidae, 1854, 21. — Mlonasta] atra Cabanis and Heine, 

 Mus. Hein., iv, heft. 1, 1863, 126 (Cayenne). — [Corvus]australis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, 

 pt. 1, 1788, 377 (Cayenne; founded on Cayenne red-billed Crow Latham, Syn., i, pt. i, 

 403). — [Bucco] cinereiis Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. 1, 1788, 409 (Cayenne; founded 

 on Wax-billed Barbet Latham, Syn., i, pt. ii, 507). — [Cuculus] tranquillus Gmelin, 

 Syst. Nat., i, pt. 1, 1788, 417 (founded on Cayenne black Cuckoo Latham, Syn., i, pt. 

 ii, 543). — Monasa tranquilla Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., xxi, 1818, 321. — 

 Lypornix tranquilla Wagler, Syst. Av., 1827, Lypornix, sp. 1. — [Bucco] calcaratus 

 Latham, Index Orn., i, 1790, 206 (Cayenne). — Corvus affinis Shaw, Gen. Zool., vii, 

 pt. ii, 1809, 381 (based on Cayenne red-billed Crow Latham, Syn., i, pt. ii, 543). 



c Monasa flavirostris Strickland, Jardine's Contr. Orn., 1850, 47, pi. 48 (Peru; coll. 

 Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.); Sclater, Ann. and Mag. N. H., ser. 2, xiii, 1854, 481 (monogr.); 

 Synopsis Bucconidse, 1854, 21. — M[onasta] flavirostris Cabania and Heine, Mus. Hein., 

 iv, heft 1, 1863, 127. — Monacha flavirostris Sclater, Mon. Jacam. and Puff-Birds, 

 1882, 149, pi. 49; Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xix, 1891, 204. — Monasa axillans Lafresnaye, 

 Rev. Zool., 1850, 216. 



