BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 623 



by a little less than one-third the total length of wing; seventh and 

 eighth, or seventh, eighth, and nmth,« primaries longest, the tenth 

 (apparent outermost) shorter than fourth ^ (sometimes equal to sec- 

 ond *'); two outer primaries with inner webs emarginated or sinuated 

 (near tip). Tail less than two-th'jds as long as wing, truncate or 

 very slightly rounded. Tarsus about as long as middle toe without 

 claw, densely clothed (all round) with long, soft feathers, the toes 

 similarly feathered, except on terminal phalanges and under side 

 (wholly naked in C. ridgwayi, which, however, may possibly belong 

 to the genus Gisella).^ 



Coloration. — Adults brown above more or less spotted with white; 

 beneath white broadly striped with brown or russet. Young essen- 

 tially like adults above, but under parts plain brown anteriorly, 

 ochraceous posteriorly, the face plain dusky strongly contrasted with 

 white supercihary marks. 



Range. — Colder parts of Northern Hemisphere. (Three species; 

 one of circumpolar range, two peculiar to North America, where rang- 

 ing southward to high mountains of Cost a Rica.) 



KET TO THE SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF CRYPTOGLAUX. 



a. Larger (wing 165 mm. or more, tail 101.5 mm. or more); adults with pileum spotted 



with white, young with under parts mostly plain sooty brown. {Cryptoglaux 



tengmalmi.) 



b. Paler and smaller (wing 165 in male, 168.5 in female); legs whitish, usually 



immaculate; under tail-coverts narrowly streaked with brown. (Northern 



Europe and Asia.) Cryptoglaux tengmalmi tengmalmi (extralimital).« 



a Third and fourth, or second, third, and fourth, from outside, not counting the 

 rudimentary eleventh. 



b Eighth from outside. 



c Ninth from outside. 



d See page 619. 



«(?) [Strix] funerea Linngeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, i, 1758, 93, part (based on Fauna 

 Suecica, 51); ed. 12, i, 1766, 133. — Ny dale funerea Bonaparte, Cat. Met. Ucc. Eur., 

 1842, 24. — Ululafunerea Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Striges, 1862, 8. — Syrniumfunereum 

 Heuglin, Orn. Nord-Ost Africa, i, 1869, 123. — Cryptoglaux funerea funerea American 

 Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 3rd ed., 1910, 171. — [Strix] tengmalmi Gmelin, 

 Syst. Nat., i, pt. 1, 1788, 291 (Sweden; based on Tengmalm, Act. Stockh. Ann. 1783, 

 trim. 1). — Strix tengmalmi'^2iu.m.&wx, Vog. Deutschl., i, 1822, 500, pi. 48, figs. 2, 3. — 

 Noctua tengmalmi Cuvier, Regne Anim., ed. 2, 1829, 345; Gould, Birds Europe, 1, 

 pt. 18, Sept. 1, 1836, pi. 49. — Nyctala tengmalmi Bonaparte, Geog. and Comp. List, 

 1838, 7, part; Gray, Gen. Birds, i, 1844, pi. 14, fig. 7; Gould, Birds Great Brit., i, 

 1862, pi. 36.— Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., ii, 1875, 284, part.— [Al/cta^e tengmalmi] 

 var. tengmalmi Ridgway, in Baird, Brewer, and Ridgway, Hist. N. Am. Birds, iii, 

 1874, 39. — Strix passerina dasypus Bechstein, Allgem. Uebersicht der Vogel, i, 1793, 

 688.— iStnx dasypus Bechstein, Getreue Abbild. Naturh. Gegenst., i, heft 9, 1796, 

 109, in text; Meyer and Wolf, Vog. Deutschl., i, 1810, 82, pi. 6.—Nyctale dasypus 

 Gray, List Gen. Birds, 1840, 6. — Nyctale planiceps, N. pinetorum, and N. ahietinum 

 Brehm, Isis, 1828, \21 .—Nyctale minor and N. baedeckeri Brehm, Naumannia, 1855, 

 370. 



