770 BULLETIN 50, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



accidental in the Bermudas (2 specimens autumn of 1843, 1 specimen 

 Nov. 29, 1853). 



[Strix] nyctea Linn^us, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, i, 1758, 93 (Europe and N. Am,; based 

 on Fauna Suecica, 54, and Aluco alhus diurnus Edwards, Av. 61, pi. 61); ed. 

 12, i, 1766, 132.— Brunnich, Orn. Bor., 1764, 7.— Gmelin, Syst. Nat., i, pt. i, 

 1788, 201.— Latham, Index Om., i, 1790, 57. 



Strixnyctea Forster, Philos. Trans., Ixxii, 1772, 385 (Hudson Bay). — Fabricius; 

 Fauna Groenl., 1780, 60.— Boddaert, Tabl. PI. Enl., 1783, 27.— Daudin, 

 Traite d'Om., ii, 1800, 188.— Temminck, Cat. Syst., 1807, 17; Man. d'Orn., 

 i, 1815, 48; Tabl. Meth., 1836(?), 6.— Vieillot, Ois. Am. Sept., i, 1807, 46, 

 pL 18; Faun. Fran?., 1820-30, 48, pi. 23, fig. 2; Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., 

 vii, 1817, 30 (n. Europe; Hudson Bay; United States in winter). — Shaw, 

 Gen. Zool., vii, 1809, 240.— Meyer and Wolf, Tascbenb., i, 1810, 75, 184, 

 plate.— Wilson, Am. Om., iv, 1811, 53, pi. 32, fig. 1.— Naumann, Vog. 

 Deutschl., Nachtr. , 1808(?), 241, pi. 33, fig. 65; ed. 2, i, 1822, 417, pi. 41.— Bona- 

 parte, Ann. Lye. N. Y., ii, pt. i, 1826, 36. — Swainson and FvIChardson, 

 Fauna, Bor.-Am., ii, 1831, 88. — Nuttall, Man. Orn. U. S. and Can., Land 

 Birds, 1832, 116; 2d ed., 1840, 121.— Audubon, Orn. Biog., ii, 1834, 135, pi. 

 121; V, 1839, 382.— Sundevall, Svensk. Fogl., 1856-58, pi. 24, figs. 3, 3*.— 

 ScHLEGEL, Vog. Nederl., 1859, pi. 44.— Schalow, Joiim. fur Om., 1891, 249 

 (Sitka, Alaska). 



>S[mx] nyctea Bonaparte, Joum. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phila., iii, pt. ii, 1824, 353; Obs. 

 Wilson's Am. Om., 1826, [14].— Temminck, Man. d'Om., ed. 2, iii, 1835, 45. 



Stryx nyctea Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso- Asiat., i, 1826, 312. — Malmgren, Oefv. k. 

 Vet.-Ak. Forh., 1863, 114; 1864, 411. 



Sumia nyctea Jameson, ed. Wilson's Am. Om., i, 1831, 92. — Selby, Illustr. Brit. 

 Om., i, 1833, 95, pi. 23.— Gould, Birds Europe, i, 1835, pi. 43, and text.— 

 Audubon, Synopsis, 1839, 21; Birds Am., oct. ed., i, 1840, 113, pi. 28.— 

 De Kay, Zool. N. Y., ii, 1844, 22, pi. 9, fig. 20.— Giraud, Birds Long Island, 

 1844, 22. — Jardine, Contr. Om., 1848, 81 (Bermudas). — Martens; Joum. 

 fiir Om., 1859, 212 (Bermudas). — Bland, An. Rep. Smitbson. Inst, for 1858 

 (1859), 287 (Bermudas). 



S[urnia\ nyctea Kaup, Jardine's Contr. Orn., 1852, 107. 



Noctua nyctea Cuvier, Regne Anim., i, 1817, 332. — Lesson, Man. d'Om., i, 1828, 

 110; Traite d'Om., 1831, 101.— Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, ii, no. 12 (Striges), 

 1863, 43. 



Symium nyctea Kaup, Sk. Entw. Eur. Thierw., 1829, 59, 190. 



Symia nyctea Macgillivray, Rapacious Birds Great Brit., 1836, 348, 473; Hist. 

 Brit. Birds, iii, 1840, 407. 



Nyctea nyctea American Ornithologists' Union, Check List, 1886 (and 2d ed., 

 1895), no. 376; 3rd ed., 1910, 176.— Seton, Auk, iii, 1886, 155 (near Lake 

 Winnipeg, Manitoba, rare summer resident). — Nelson, Rep. Nat. Hist. Coll. 

 Alaska, 1887, 153 (Sitka northward; habits). — Ridgway, Om. Illinois, i, 

 1889, 422.— Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H., iii, 1890, 136 (numerous at 

 mouth of Columbia R., winter of 1889-90). — Loomis, Auk, viii, 1891, 55 

 (Chester Co., South Carolina, Dec, 1886, 1 spec). — Bendire, Life Hist. N. 

 Am. Birds, (i), 1892, 389, pi. 12, fig. 19 (egg).— Cooke, Auk, xi, 1894, 183 

 (Ft. Collins, Colorado) ; Birds Colorado, 1897, 80 (rare winter visitant; records) ; 

 Bull. 44, Col. Agric Exp. Sta., 1898, 161 (Colorado Springs, 2 specs.); Bull. 

 56, 1900, 206 (near Breckenridge and Wet Valley, Colorado).— Thorne, Auk, 

 xii, 1895, 214 (Ft. Keogh, Montana, winter 1889-90, 1886-87, 1890-91).— 

 Schalow, Joum. fur Om., 1895, 474 (w. Greenland).— Merrill (J. C), Auk, 

 xiv, 1897, 353 (Ft. Sherman, Idaho, winter). — Beyer, Proc La. Soc Nat. 



