BIRDS OF NORTH AND MIDDLE AMERICA. 775 



these black stripes white predominates the brown forming irregular 

 terminal or median transverse spots, or, on lower portion of hindneck, 

 more linear spots or streaks; back plain brown; posterior scapulars 

 variegated with partially concealed large transverse spots of white, 

 the outermost ones with greater part of outer web white, broken by 

 blackish brown bars or bands, the confluence of these white blotches 

 producing a conspicuous elongated patch of white immediately above 

 wing; rump with sparse, irregular, but usually transverse, spots of 

 white, the upper tail-coverts with broader and more regular bars of 

 the same, these about equal to the brown ones in width; outermost 

 middle and greater wing-coverts with an ovoid spot of white on outer 

 webs; secondaries crossed by about three transverse series of longi- 

 tudinally ovoid spots of white (on edges) and very narrowly tipped 

 with white; outermost primary coverts with one or two transverse 

 series of white spots; primaries with about seven transverse series of 

 white spots, these most developed on proximal portion of five outer 

 quills, becoming indistinct or obsolete on proximal quills, all the 

 primaries margined at tips with white ; tail crossed by seven or eight 

 very narrow bands or bars of white (the last one terminal), these 

 bands becoming less distinct (sometimes obsolete) on lateral rectrices ; 

 ''eyebrow" (superciliary region), lores, and face grayish white, the 

 grayish appearance caused by black shafts to the feathers, the grayish 

 white of face continued across lower part of throat, separating a large 

 gular space of dark brown from an indistinct brown collar across 

 upper chest, this collar confluent with the lower end of the auricular 

 and cervical black bands, the space between which is white; ground 

 color of under parts white, everywhere barred with chestnut-brown 

 or burnt-umber, the bars sharply defined, averaging rather more than 

 half as wide as the white interspaces, except on upper chest, where 

 the white is so much in excess as to form a broken patch, below 

 which the brown bars are broader, and somewhat coalesced; on 

 legs and toes the bars narrower, more sparse, and less regular; under 

 wing-coverts barred like sides, etc.; under surface of remiges dark 

 slaty brown, with transverse, irregularly elliptical spots of white on 

 inner webs (except distal portion), there being about seven of these 

 on longest quill; bill yellowish; iris lemon yellow. 



Young. — Upper parts dark sooty brown or sepia, the feathers of 

 pileum and hindneck tipped with dull grayish buff, which forms the 

 predominating color; scapulars and interscapulars indistinctly tipped 

 with dull grayish buff; loral and auricular regions plain brownish 

 black, the rest of "face" dull wliitish; under parts dull wliitish, 

 deeply shaded across chest with dark sooty bro\vuish, the other por- 

 tions being broadly but rather indistinctly barred with brown, these 

 markings narrower and more confused anteriorly and on legs. 



