179 



thus awaits its transformation to the pupa. The weio-ht of the 

 folhcle and the included insect is sufficient to close the upper 

 orifice after the pod is suspended. The males are disclosed in 

 September and the early part of October, and immediately after- 

 wards the females will be found to be impregnated. I exam- 

 ined about fifty female follicles on the 25th of October, and 

 found all the females escaped, and their puparia half full of fer- 

 t'lized eggs. It is not true that the females remain in their 

 l)uparia or in their follicles. Among all those examined as 

 above-mentioned, not a single female was discovered ; they had 

 come out of their pupa-skins and had also left their follicles. It 

 is only at an earlier period, or in some rare cases when the 

 females have remained unimpregnated till this time, that any 

 females are to be found within their pupa-skins. But they do 

 not leave their pupa-skins until they have been impregnated 

 and have laid their eggs. 



How the male contrives to get at the female is a mystery 

 that I have not yet solved. The pupa-skin of the female splits 

 in the middle of the little carinated ridge found on the top 

 and fore part of the thorax, and also laterally, so as to ad- 

 mit of a kind of T-shaped opening. It is through this that the 

 male organ must be introduced, and passing between the 

 back skin of the pupa and the body of the female, reach her 

 hinder extremity in the bottom of the pupa-skin. But in ad- 

 dition to, this extent to be penetrated, the male has to penetrate 

 the whole length of the lower orifice of the follicle, say half an 

 inch, before he can reach the head of the puparium. The fe- 

 male lays her eggs in the puparium, or pupa shell, receding from 

 the bottom of it as she does so, and filling the shell half or two 

 thirds full of eggs ; the rest of the shell she fills with a fawn- 

 colored down rubbed off" her own body. You will find these 

 pupa-skins thus charged with eggs and down, when you open 

 them. 



When her work is done, the female crawls out, a mere ema- 

 ciated skin, and makes her escape out of the cocoon. The 



