126 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM voi.. iw 



In Canada and the United States, the species has been taken at 

 cow and horse dung. It is now estabHshed on both the east and west 

 coasts of Canada and the United States, probably by separate intro- 

 ductions. The history of its spread in North America has been 

 discussed by Brown (1940; 1950). 



Onthophagus depressus Harold 



Plate 9, Figures 79 and 80 



Onthophagus depressus Harold, 1871, p. 116. — Boucomont and Gillet, 1927, 

 p. 165.— Cartwright, 1938, p. 114. — Blackwelder, 1939, p. 50.— Robinson, 

 1948, p. 177. 



This southeast African species has become established in Georgia 

 and Florida. It is quite different from the endemic Onthophagus of 

 the United States and, unlike the native species, lacks obvious second- 

 ary sexual characters. The external differences distinguishing the 

 male are the emarginate narrowed last abdominal segment and a 

 tibial tooth directed inwards beside the apical spine. Because the 

 secondary sexual characters are few and inconspicuous, the following 

 description includes both sexes. 



Males and females. — Length 6.0 to 7.7 mm., width 3.7 to 5.0 mm. 

 Brownish black to black with antennal clubs brown, legs dark reddish 

 brown. Clypeus slightly reflexed anteriorly, sharply, narrowly emar- 

 ginate, bidentate; disc with elongate transverse tubercles, punctures 

 lacking, surface between tubercles smooth and shining; disc poste- 

 riorly delimited from the frons by a vague arcuate carina; genae 

 scarcely flared, surface rough, tubercles irregular; frons nearly flat, 

 tubercles smaller and less elongate than on clypeus, occasional punc- 

 tures present. Carina of vertex low, often hidden by the anterior 

 pronotal margin; when visible, the carina vaguely depressed and 

 bowed forward medially; area behind the carina smooth and shining. 

 Pronotum completely margined, poorly so posteriorly; anterior angles 

 produced, forming an acute angle bent outward at the tip. 



Pronotum convex, more so in large males than in females and 

 diminutive males; siu-face very closely punctate, the punctures unusual 

 in that they have an elongate flattened tubercle which projects toward 

 their center from the anterior margin and gives the large shallow 

 punctures a crescent shape; anteriorly the pronotum often appearing 

 more tuberculate than punctate, with a short flat stubby seta project- 

 ing from each puncture. Superficially the pronotum appears exceed- 

 mgly rough and granular. Elytra heavily punctate-tuberculate as 

 described for the pronotum, the punctures nearly circular and not as 

 crowded as on the pronotum; elytral striae barely indicated; each 

 interval with two to three rows of flat yellow setae. 



