BEETLE GENUS ONTHOPHAGUS — HOWDEN, CARTWRIGHT 69 



to a depth of 1 to 4 inches and dung is transported into the lower extremity, 

 where it is fashioned into a crude ball in which an egg is laid. 



Reared females have deposited from 43 to 67 eggs over periods of 22 to 42 days. 

 Only 1 or 2 eggs are laid daily, and these average 1.56 by 0.74 mm. in diameter. 

 The average developmental period from egg to adult in summer was 38.4 days, 

 with a range of 36 to 52 days. Notes on the number of instars are not complete, 

 but indications are that there are three. 



Specimens of 0. alluvius collected near Brownsville, Tex., brought 

 back to Knoxville, Tenn., and reared in soil-filled flower pots, followed 

 closely the pattern described by Lindquist. The adults made shallow 

 1- to 8-inch burrows around and under fresh cow droppings. The 

 brood cells averaged 12 mm. in length by 7 mm. in width and con- 

 tamed a cavity in their upper end m which the elongate whitish egg 

 was laid. Each female formed 20 to 40 cells, the number limited 

 perhaps by crowdmg. Development was very rapid, each of the 3 

 instars lastmg 7 to 9 days with a pupal period of 5 to 7 days. Total 

 developmental time in the flower pots was 35 to 36 days, approximately 

 the developmental time as given by Lindquist. 



Onthophagus hnulli, new species 



Plate 5, Figures 34 and 35 



Onthophagus anthracinus Harold 1873, p. 104 (not Falderman, 1835, p. 

 247).— Schaeffer, 1905, p. 157; 1914, p. 298 (in part).— Leng 1920, p. 249 

 (in part). 



HoLOTYPE. — Alale major, length 5.1 mm., width 3.2 mm. Opaque 

 black, with a slight brownish cast on head and pronotum. Cl}T)eal 

 margin sharply reflexed anteriorly only, edge faintly emarginate; 

 clypeal disc and frons nearly flat, a few coarse punctures near their 

 lateral edges; posterior portion of clypeus and remainder of head 

 distinctly alutaceous, minute secondary punctures present; all carinae 

 absent except for slight ridges behind eyes; genae not greatly ex- 

 panded, edges arcuate, anteriorly forming a very oblique indentation 

 with clypeal edges. 



Pronotum moderately convex; punctm-es, setae, margins, and 

 protuberance nearly identical to that of male major of 0. alluvius. 

 The setae slightly more pronounced, punctures very slightly closer, 

 and surface between somewhat more alutaceous; small secondary 

 punctures largely lacking and the large punctures not distinctly an- 

 nular. Elytra with feebly shining, very vaguely punctate striae; 

 intervals opaquely alutaceous with somewhat irregular, double rows 

 of small shining tubercles, the base of each tubercle with a fine red- 

 dish-yellow seta. The rows of tubercles are much more regular and 

 the tubercles are more numerous than in either alluvius or monticolus. 



P3^gidium alutaceous basally, shining apicalh^, apical half slightly 

 convex and distinctly, deeply punctate. Ventral surfaces shining 



