REVIEW OF THE HAWKFISHES — RANDALL 397 



Supraorbital ridge low; supraoccipital crest visible as a low ridge; 

 pectoral fin tips do not reach vertical at distal ends of pelvic fins; 

 interorbital not scaled; depth of body about 3 in standard length. 



Color in alcohol brown with 3 rows of 5 or 6 white spots of the 

 size of the eye or slightly smaller; brown area of body overlaid with 

 close-set dark brown spots; head with dark brown blotches or irregular 

 bands, usually the most prominent being a dark blotch behind lower 

 edge of eye; a dark spot medially on chin adjacent to lower lip, rimmed 

 posteriorly by an arc of dark brown; dorsal cirri white. In life the 

 dark bro\vn spots on the body are brownish red, the markings on the 

 head orange-brown, and the abdomen white. 



A 22-mm. juvenile from Morotai, East Indies (USNM 147682), is 

 colored nearly like adults. The rows of white spots are more promi- 

 nent; the intervening brown areas are dark and no darker spots are 

 visible on them; the darkest marking is a broad extension of dark 

 brown into base of dorsal fin at juncture of spinous and soft portions. 



Remarks. — A wide-ranging species, C. pinnulatus is known through- 

 out the Indo-Pacific. Jordan and Herre (1907) and Kamohara (1954) 

 have recorded it from southern Japan. The author collected it in 

 Haw^aii, Gilbert Islands, Society Islands, and Tuamotu Archipelago. 

 It is an inshore species, characteristically found in a region subject to 

 wave action. Klunzinger (1870) and Harry (1953) have pointed out 

 that this hawkfish hides in crevices on the reef front by day and 

 forages on the reef by night. 



The type of pinnulatus was not located; it is not in the Berlin 

 museum. A specimen listed as the type of maculatus Lacepede 

 from Mauritius via Dussumier (MNHN 2775) proved to be the same 

 as pinnulatus. M. L. Bauchot of the Paris museum has informed 

 the author that the true type of maculatus should be the maculatus 

 of Commerson whose manuscript was the basis for Lacepede's name. 

 She located this specimen (MNHN 5449A), a dried half-example 

 measuring 172 mm. in standard length. Although no color pattern 

 is apparent, the specimen is evidently conspecific with pinnulatus. 



Schultz (1950; pp. 548, 551, pi. 13, C) noted slight differences in 

 the number of lateral-line scales, gill rakers, and color of pinnulatus 

 in the Red Sea. The scale counts of Red Sea specimens are higher 

 (see table 1), and the gill rakers on the lower limb of the first arch 

 seem to be slightly higher (12 or 13, as opposed to 11 or 12); the brown 

 spots on the cheek, snout, and upper lip are more numerous and more 

 distinct. Schultz has assigned the specific name spilotoceps to 

 this geographical variant. I would prefer to utilize this name for 

 subspecific designation. 



Some authors have applied the name alternatu^ GUI to pinnulatus 

 in Hawaii. The differentiation of the Hawaiian form is less marked 



