150 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM ^°^- "^ 



Definition: (1) Three branchiostegal rays. (2) Premaxillary only 

 weakly, or not at all, divided into upper and lower processes. (3) 

 Premaxillary teeth simple conic to hexacuspid, in one or two rows. 

 (4) Dentary with teeth in two rows, uni- to hexacuspid. (5) Dentary 

 with inferior notch below or deep groove continuous with foramen for 

 mental ramus of mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve. (6) Parietal 

 and epiphyseal branches of supraorbital laterosensory canal extremely 

 short, usually not over one or, rarely, two millimeters long even in 

 largest specimens of largest species; parietal canal not reaching parietal 

 bone. (7) Supratemporal laterosensory canal absent. (8) Dermo- 

 pterotic canal absent. (9) Extrascapular laterosensory canals and 

 bones absent. (10) Supracleithrum without enclosed laterosensory 

 canal. (11) Frontal-pterotic joint absent, pterotic being excluded 

 from contact with frontal by sphenotic. 



The subtribes of tribe Pyrrhulinini are: 



Pyrrhulinina 

 Nannostomina 



SUBTRIBE PYRRHULININA EIGENMANN, 1910 



Definition: (1) Premaxillary-ethmoid articulation a very slightly 

 movable, syndesmotic (fibrous) joint. (2) In adults, posterior shaft 

 of prevomer reaches parasphenoid. (3) Preopercle extends anteriorly 

 to near articular. (4) Maxillary bone extends posteriorly to region 

 of second orbital. (5) Premaxillary with unicuspid teeth. (6) Teeth 

 of dentary unicuspid, in two rows. (7) Dentary not divided into two 

 well-defined regions by a deep ventral groove continuous with mental 

 foramen. Dentary with notch below region of mental foramen. 

 (8) Inferior portion of post-temporal fossa extremely large, its antero- 

 lateral border extending anterior to, or beyond, synchondral portion 

 of joint between sphenotic and pterotic bones, anteriorly beyond 

 vertical from anterior edge of auditory foramen. 



The genera of subtribe Pyrrhulinina are: 



Pyrrhulina Valenciennes (1846), with perhaps a dozen species 

 Copeina Fowler (1906), with two or three species 

 Copella Myers (1956a), with four or five species 



SUBTRIBE NANNOSTOMINA EIGENMANN, 1909 



Nomenclatural note: Eigenmann (1909a) was the first to base a 

 family group name, Nannostomatinae, on the genus Nannostomus. 

 The proper spelUng of this family group name should have been 

 Nannostominae (Miller, 1897, p. 132). 



Definition: (1) Premaxillary-ethmoid articulation a loose movable 

 syndesmotic (fibrous) joint connected by fairly long, interosseous 

 ligaments, but premaxillary not protractile, synovial joint absent. 



