NORTH AMERICAN SWAMMERDAMIA — DUCKWORTH 553 



Type: Lost. 



T3^pe locality: Unknown. 



Food plant: Betula spp., Alnus spp., Castanea dentata (Marsh.). 



Distribution: British Columbia: Field (Aug.); Fraser Mills (May). 

 CONNECTICUT: East River (Aug.). Illinois: Putman Co. (May, 

 July, Aug.). MASSACHUSETTS: Framingham (May); Martha's Vine- 

 yard (Aug.). MINNESOTA: Chisago Co. (May), new Hampshire: 

 Dublin (Aug.). Ontario: Toronto (July); Queenston (June). Penn- 

 sylvania: Charter Oak (March). Quebec: Newago, Lake St. Francis 

 (July), west Virginia: Randolph Co. (May). 



I have examined the genitalia of Busck's type of S. castaneae and 

 a specimen compared with Braun's type of S. cuprescens and found 

 them identical to each other and to the European species S. heroldella. 

 This species is rather variable in color. It has been the subject of a 

 great deal of controversy among European w^orkers, as the synonymy 

 will attest. Friese (1960) has reviewed the subject, and I follow his 

 conclusions concerning the synonymy in this paper. The failure of 

 Busck and Braun to recognize the species as S. heroldella was most 

 probably due to the state of confusion among the European workers 

 regarding this species. 



As is the case wdth the preceding species, S. heroldella is undoubtably 

 an introduction from Europe brought in on plant material. The 

 diversity in the type localities (Field, British Columbia, for S. cup- 

 rescens and East River, Connecticut, for S. castaneae) of the two 

 North American sj^nonyms suggests either a much more widespread 

 distribution than the preceding species, S. pyrella, or two independent 

 introductions, one on the east coast and one on the west coast. 



Literature Cited 



Braun, A. 



1918. New species of Microlepidoptera. Canadian Ent., vol. 50, pp. 

 229-236. 

 Busck, A. 



1911. Record of Swammerdamia pyrella Vill. and Ereunelis mtnuscula 



Wlsm. Proc. Ent. Soc. Washington, vol. 13, pp. 80-81. 

 1914. Descriptions of new Microlepidoptera of forest trees. Proc. Ent. 

 Soc. Washington, vol. IG, pp. 143-150, 4 figs. 

 Clarke, J. F. G. 



1942. Notes and new species of Microlepidoptera from Washington State. 

 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 92, pp. 267-276, 6 pis. 

 Friese, G. 



1960. Revision der paliiarktischen Ypononieutidae unter bcsonder Bcruck- 

 sichtigung der Genitalien. Beitrage zur Entoinologie, band 10, 

 131 pp., 3 taf., 91 text figs. 



