590 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 117 



genital papilla, 3 rows above the anal fin base, and 6-7 rows of ventral 

 scales on the caudal peduncle. Females have a similar tubercle 

 distribution, but the tubercles are smaller and do not extend as far 

 dorsally. Tubercles are absent in specimens (UMMZ) taken in July 

 and August. 



The same tubercle distribution is present on specimens of E. kana- 

 whae taken from April 1 (UMMZ 131838, North Carolina, New R.) 

 to June 8 (USNM 162196 and 162197, Vu-ginia, New R.). Males 

 with maximum tubercle development (USNM 162197) have tu- 

 bercles on 2 rows of scales at the pelvic fins extending onto 7 rows of 

 scales per side just anterior to the genital papiUa, 4 rows above each 

 side of the anal fin base, and a total of 8 rows on the ventral caudal 

 peduncle scales. The maximum development of tubercles observed 

 in females is on a 66 mm. specimen from the same collection. Here 

 tubercles also begin at the pelvic fins and extend onto 7 rows of scales 

 just anterior to the genital pjipilla, but are present on only 2 rows of 

 scales above each side of the anal fin base and on only 5 rows of 

 caudal peduncle scales. Small tubercles are present on three males 

 taken July 23 (UMMZ 165448, North Carohna, Little R., 57-66 

 mm.), but they are absent from a 61 mm. female from the same 

 collection. Faint traces of tubercles are barely discernible on males 

 taken as late as August 24 (UMMZ 169360, Vu-ginia, Little Reed 

 Island Cr.). In the original description of E. kanawhae, Raney 

 (1941) mentioned that the holotype, as well as other males taken near 

 the breeding season, had the scales on the belly and lower sides 

 "tipped with pearl white." Tubercles are clearly visible in his photo- 

 graph of a male paratype. 



Tubercles are present on specimens of E. osburni taken between 

 May 17 (USNM 117588, paratype; and UMMZ 95370, Vu-ginia, 

 Reed Cr.) and July 15 (UMMZ 118800, West Vu-ginia, Indian Cr.); 

 they are absent from specimens taken in August and October. At 

 maximum development males have tubercles on 5-7 rows of mid- 

 ventral scales per side just anterior to the genital papilla, 3-5 rows 

 above each side of the anal fin base, and on 4-8 rows on the caudal 

 peduncle. Some of these tubercles have points on their posterior 

 ends. Females have a similar distribution of tubercles, but they are 

 lower, broader, and lack the points present on males. Males are 

 darker than females, especially the pelvic, anal, and second dorsal 

 fins, and the head. In their original description of E. osburni, Hubbs 

 and Trautman (1932) did not mention the presence of breeding 

 tubercles, but they can be seen in theu- figiu-e of the holotype (UMMZ 

 92409). They are also present on a paratype (USNM 117588). 



Thus the intimate relationships of the five species in the variatum 

 group as noted by Hubbs and Black (1940) and Raney (1941) are 



