592 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 117 



the origin of the anal fin and extend onto 4-5 rows of scales per side 

 just anterior to the genital papilla, 3-4 rows above each side of the 

 anal fin base, and 5 rows of ventral scales on the caudal peduncle. 

 Specimens collected from June 17 to August 15 (UMMZ) lack tu- 

 bercles. Females also lack tubercles. Females of E. swannanoa have 

 the longest genital papillae in relation to body size that I have found 

 in any darters. A 61.4 mm. female had a genital papilla 5.9 mm. long. 



I have examined four collections containing tuberculate males of 

 E. blennioides. In addition, Dr. Robert V. Miller, who is presently 

 reviewing the taxonomy of this species, has kindly provided me with 

 his notes on tubercles and called my attention to two collections con- 

 taining tuberculate specimens. Tubercles are present on males of 

 E. blennioides at least as early as March 24 (CU 37520, Kentucky, 

 Licking R.) until June 26 (UMMZ 96357, Tennessee, Cumberland 

 R.). At maximum tubercle development (CU 20629, Pennsylvania, 

 Genesee R., April 27), tubercles start a third to halfway posteriorly 

 from the pelvic fin origin to the anal fin, extend onto 4-6 rows per side 

 just anterior to the genital papilla, 1-3 rows above each side of the 

 anal fin base, about 5-6 rows of ventral caudal peduncle scales, and are 

 found also on some of the small scales at the ventral part of the base 

 of the caudal fin. By June 26 (UMMZ 96357), tubercles have almost 

 disappeared. Spawning occurs in New York between April 13 and 

 June 12 (Fahy, 1954, p. 167), so there is a good correlation with the 

 presence of tubercles. Tubercles are absent on females. Winn 

 (1958b, p. 172) and Lachner, Westlake, and Handwerk (1950) re- 

 ported that males were larger than females and had larger first dorsal 

 and anal fins. Winn also reported that males had larger pectoral and 

 pelvic fins. Lachner et al. found the pelvic fins of both sexes to be of 

 about equal size, the second dorsal fin larger and the pectoral fin 

 smaller in males. The tips of the pelvic spines and most of the soft 

 rays are sHghtly more swollen in breeding males than in breeding 

 females. Males are much darker, especially the head, venter, and 

 body, and the pelvic and anal fins. 



E. blennioides spawns at a horizontal to a vertical angle, usually at 

 about 45° (Winn, 1958a; 1958b). Spawning takes place over Clado- 

 phora-covered rocks in the deepest and swiftest parts of stream riffles 

 (Fahy, 1954, p. 169). The male mounts the females with his pelvic 

 fins over her dorsum and his tuberculate lower sides in contact with 

 her sides (Winn, 1958a; 1958b, fig. 4). 



In his studies on E. gutselli, Miller has found only two tuberculate 

 specimens, which he has generously permitted me to examine. Both 

 are males, 87 and 91 mm. long, taken in the northeastern corner of 

 Georgia May 9 (UG uncat.). SmaU, low tubercles begin halfway 

 posteriorly from the pelvic fins to the anal fin origin and extend onto 



