BREEDING TUBERCLES IN FISHES — COLLETTE 593 



4 rows of scales per side just anterior to the genital papilla. A few 

 tubercles are present on the scales above the origin of the anal fin base, 

 but they are absent posteriorly. Miller has not found tubercles on 

 any females of this species. IMales are very dark with the lateral 

 markings almost obscured. The tubercle and pigment patterns of 

 E. gutselli confirm its close relationship to E. blennioides. 



Four of the five remaining species currently placed in the subgenus 

 Etheostoma can be assigned to the nontuberculate zonale group. 

 These are rupestre, zonale, histrio, and probably hlennius. Proper 

 allocation of the fifth species, E. sellare, is difficult at present. Hubbs 

 and Black (1940) considered that it might belong to the variatum 

 group because of its bold back markings. However, the two types 

 of E. sellare are both spring-caught females and lack tubercles, ren- 

 dering this unlikely. I do not feel that it is closely related to any 

 of the three species groups of the subgenus Etheostoma, but I cannot 

 suggest a better group to place it in. 



Specimens of E. rupestre taken in April and May (USNM 166029 

 and UMMZ 166372, Alabama, Tombigbee K.; TU 19896 and UMMZ 

 171762, Alabama, Cahaba R.) lack tubercles. Both males and fe- 

 males have the tips of the pelvic spines and most of the soft rays 

 tipped with cream-colored fleshy knobs. Females have the anal and 

 pelvic fins and the breast and belly immaculate, whereas males have 

 these areas and the dorsal fins very dark. The testes and ovaries of 

 these specimens are greatly enlarged. Specimens of E. zonale in 16 

 coUections (USNM, UMMZ) taken from March 1 (TU 8170, 

 Mississippi, Pearl R.) to June 21 (UM 5219A) lack tubercles. The 

 pigmentation differences between the sexes are very similar to those 

 in E. rupestre. Lachner, Westlake, and Handwerk (1950) reported 

 that males of E. zonale were larger than females and had larger dorsal 

 fins. Specimens of E. histrio in August, October, and January col- 

 lections (USNM, UMMZ) and in a March 25 Texas collection 

 (TNHC 1114) are nontubercidate. Males of E. histrio taken in 

 January and March have greatly enlarged testes and the females are 

 filled with large eggs. Spring caught specimens of E. hlennius 

 (UMMZ) lack tubercles, but sufficient material has not yet been 

 examined to be sure this species belongs to the zonale group. 



Subgenus Ulocentra Jordan 



There are fom- described species: atripinne (Jordan), coosae (Fowler), 

 duryi Henshall, and simoterum (Cope), plus about nine undescribed 

 species, in this subgenus (R. M. Bailey, pers. comm.). I have exam- 

 ined some breeding material of all described species as well as a 

 number of the manuscript forms (mostly UMMZ specimens). Males 

 of all species are brightly colored in life and apparently lack breeding 



