596 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. m 



sinuous ridge of fleshy material extending along each element of the 

 anal fin. A 51 mm. male of E. sagitta sagitta (USNM 144485, Ken- 

 tucky, Cumberland R., April 8) has tubercles on the ventral scales 

 beginning halfway posteriorly from the pelvic to the anal fin and 

 extending onto 3-4 rows of scales per side just anterior to the genital 

 papilla. The tubercles are high and conical. None are present above 

 the anal base or on the lower surface of the caudal peduncle. How- 

 ever, a larger specimen from the same field collection (UAIMZ 144492) 

 has tubercles on 2 rows of scales above each side of the anal fin base 

 and on 5-6 mid ventral rows on the caudal peduncle, as Bailey (1948) 

 has previously noted. I have not yet examined a tuberculate speci- 

 men of E. sagitta spilotum Gilbert. The similarity of breediug tubercle 

 distributions further confirms the intimate relationships of E. nianguae 

 and E. sagitta as pointed out by Bailey (1948, in describing the sub- 

 genus Litocara for the three forms), and Kuehne and Bailey (1961). 



There are tubercles on the ventral scales of males of E. radiosum 

 in nine collections taken between April 4 and AprU 25 in the Red River 

 drainage of Oklahoma and Arkansas: USNM 165772, 165797, 165865, 

 165866; UMMZ 161368 holotype, UMMZ 161369, and MCZ 37205 

 paratypes of E. radiosum paludosum (Moore and Rigney); USNAl 

 153532 and MCZ 37204, paratypes of E. radiosum cyanorum (Moore 

 and Rigney). A 52 mm. male from USNM 153532 has the best 

 developed tubercles, located on 3 rows of ventral scales starting 

 about one-fourth of the way from the pelvic origin to the anal origin. 

 They are slightly raised, circular mounds on the posterior edge of 

 the scales, not pads as in the variatum group. The tubercles on the 

 ventralmost scales have elongate points on their posterior end. 

 Just anterior to the genital papilla, tubercles are present on about 

 6 scale rows per side. They are on 5 rows of scales above each side 

 of the anal fin base and on 7 midventral rows of scales on the caudal 

 peduncle. The tubercle patterns are similar in the larger males in 

 the other collections, but the tubercles are smaller and are not de- 

 veloped on as many scale rows. None of the more than 120 females 

 in these collections show any sign of tubercle development and all 

 the larger females have the ovaries filled with large eggs. The 

 genital papUla of the female is an elongate cone. The pelvic fin and 

 venter of the female are immaculate, the anal fin is moderately 

 pigmented, and the dorsal fins are somewhat blotched and banded. 

 In the male, the pelvic fin and venter are very dark, the dorsals, anal, 

 and caudal fin are heavily pigmented on the basal half and have a 

 light (orange in life) strip followed by a dark distal edge to the fin. 

 In their original description of E. radiosum paludosum, Moore and 

 Rigney (1952) reported tubercles on the bellies of males. In spawning, 

 the female E. radiosum cyanorum partially buries herself in sand 



