602 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 117 



(UMMZ 162135, Mexico, Nuevo Leon, Dec. 19, 14 males, 27-36 

 mm., and 35 females; TNHC 1971, Texas, Val Verde Co., April 14, 

 10 males, 29-40, mm., and 14 females; testes of males in both collections 

 greatly enlarged and females fiUed with large eggs) ; juliae, 1 1 collec- 

 tions, Oct. 25 to Aug. 22 (TU, CU, UMMZ); lepidum, 6 collections, 

 Feb. 4 to Jmie 25 (CU, UMMZ, USNM); mariae, 5 collections, April 

 1 to June 29 (CU, miAIZ, TU, USNM); pottsii (USNM 162482, 

 Feb. 14; USNM 55855, no date; TNHC 4032, June 26; testes enlarged 

 in males, females filled with large eggs); and swaini, 5 collections, 

 Jan. 28 to April 4 (TU, CU, miMZ). Winn (1958b) fomid that 

 females of E. exile are larger than males. Males have larger anal and 

 first dorsal fins and lack breeding tubercles. Spawning takes place 

 at a slight angle over organic debris and fibrous mud banks with the 

 male mounted on the female's back (Winn, 1958a; 1958b; fig. 4). 

 Strawn (1955a, 1955b) described the breeding colors oiE. lepidum and 

 E. grahami but did not mention breeding tubercles. 



Subgenus Villora Hubbs and Cannon 



There are two species in this subgenus: E. okaloosae (Fowler) and 

 E. edwini (Hubbs and Cannon). I have examined virtually all the 

 available material of edwini and Ralph W. Yerger has done the same 

 for E. okaloosae (see Collette and Yerger, 1962). Both sexes of both 

 species are nontuberculate. Males of E. edwini are larger than fe- 

 males and have large orange-red spots over the entire body and fins. 

 These spots are also present in females, but ihej are smaller and less 

 widely distributed. ^lales of E. okaloosae are slightly larger than 

 females and both sexes lack red spots. The genital papilla of the 

 breeding female is a low tube crowned with villi (CoUette and Yerger, 

 1962, fig. 7). 



The larger size of males, the absence of tubercles, and the shape of 

 the genital papilla in females are three of the characters that differ- 

 entiate Villora from the subgenus Hololepis, imder which it has been 

 synonymized by Bailey (in Bailey and Gosline, 1955). These charac- 

 ters help to substantiate my belief that Villora is an offshoot of the 

 asprigene-swaini nontuberculate group of the subgenus Oligocephalus 

 (Collette and Yerger, 1962, p. 214). 



Subgenus Austroperca Hubbs 



Males of E. australe Jordan, the only known species in this Mexican 

 subgenus, taken on May 21 (UMMZ 136124, Chihuahua) and March 

 28 (UF 10127, Durango) have slightly enlarged testes and lack 

 tubercles. 



