604 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 117 



of E. gracile and E. zoniferum have supplementary tubercles on the 

 rami of the lower jaw and in life have vertical green bars on the sides 

 and red spots on the first dorsal fin. Sexual dimorphism in these two 

 species confirms their close relationships (CoUette, 1962). Complete 

 descriptions of coloration and breeding tubercles, photographs of 

 sexually mature specimens, and drawings of breeding tubercles have 

 been presented recently (Collette, 1962). Hubbs and Cannon (1935) 

 reported tubercles in E. serriferum, E. gracile, and E. fusiforme. 



The following account of tubercles in Hololepis is summarized from 

 my recent revision (Collette, 1962). E. serriferum has tubercles most 

 developed during late March, when they are present on the distal 

 two-thirds of the anal fin rays and the distal third of the pelvic fin 

 rays (Collette, 1962, p. 119 and fig. li). Hubbs and Cannon (1935) 

 also found tubercles on the soft rays of the anal and pelvic fins of E. 

 serriferum. Tubercles are present on E. gracile from February 19 

 (TNHC 4994, Texas, Red R.) to April 19 (KU 2418, Oklahoma, Red 

 R.). Maximum development occurs in mid-March in Texas, when 

 tubercles are present on the distal half of the anal rays, the distal 

 three-fourths of the underside of the pelvic spine and rays, and in two 

 rows of four tubercles on each ramus of the lower jaw (CoUette, 1962 

 pp. 135-136 and figs. Ik, m). Hubbs and Cannon (1935) reported 

 tubercles on the anal and pelvic fins and on the lower jaw of E. gracile. 

 Cross (1954) also noted tubercles on the chin of this species. I found 

 tubercles on only the anal rays and lower jaw rami of E. zoniferum 

 (UMMZ 163758, Alabama, Tombigbee R.). I think they will be 

 found on the pelvic rays also if sufficient material becomes available 

 (Collette, 1962 p. 149-150). Tubercles are present on E. saludae 

 from at least April 16 (CU 35019) until March 14 (CU 35036) . At the 

 maximum stage of development, tubercles are found on the distal 

 three-fourths of the anal rays and on most of the ventral surface of the 

 first four pelvic soft rays (op. cit., p. 191-192). In my limited material 

 of E. collis, tubercles are developed on E. c. collis on March 22 (CU 

 11988) and on E. c. lepidinion Collette on March 31 (CU 29992). 

 They are present on the underside of the pelvic fins and on most of 

 the anal fin rays (op. cit., pp. 198, 205; fig. Ig). 



There is geographic variation in tubercle development in E. fusi- 

 forme. Of thousands of specimens examined, tubercles were found on 

 only a few specimens in 14 collections of the northern subspecies, E. 

 fusiforme fusiforme (op. cit., p. 153), while they were commonly 

 found on the southern E. f. barratti (op. cit., p. 175). Tubercles are 

 present on E. f. fusiforme from March 25 (CU 29983, North Carolina, 

 Ellis Lake) to May 17-18 (CU collections, New Jersey). They are 

 present on E. f. barratti from October 27 (FSU 3273, Fla.) to May 29 

 (UG 516, South Carolina, Pee Dee R.) and are at their maximum de- 



