436 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. iis 



collected is known. The information tells nothing about actual host 

 relationships, since most plants may have more than one species of 

 gallmaker on them. However, some parasite-host relationships have 

 been well established, e.g., in Eurytoma neomexicana Girault (Brand- 

 horst, 1943) E. gigantea Walsh (Hughes, 1934 and Uhler, 1951), E. 

 solenozopheriae Ashmead (Driggers, 1927), E. pissodis Girault (Taylor, 

 1929), E. obtusiventris Gahan (Hughes, 1934 and Uhler, 1951), £". 

 pini Bugbee (Miller, 1953), and E. bolteri Riley (Leiby, 1922 and 

 Barber, 1938). There are a few other species in which the evidence 

 is quite convincing, but the number is not more than one-quarter of 

 the species treated herein. 



Several species are known to be phytophagous in such unrelated 

 plant tissues as bulbs, stems, leaves, and buds of orchids (E. orchide- 

 arum (Westwood)), sumac seeds {E. rhois Crosby and E. seminis 

 Bugbee), the fleshy parts of the fruits of juniper {E. juniperinus 

 Marco vitch), the seeds of Ceanothus divaricatus (E. squamosa new 

 species), and in the stems of certain grasses (E. hromi (Howard), 

 E. eragrostidis (Howard)). 



In at least one species, E. pater PhLllips(=jE'. pachyneuron Girault), 

 both phytophagy and parasitism have been suggested (Phillips, 

 1917). This evidence suggests that the Eurytoma larva begins as 

 a parasite of the larva of Harmolita tritici (Fitch) in the stems of 

 Elymus species, but may complete its development on plant tissue. 

 Whether this represents a transition from parasitism to phytophagy 

 or vica versa or simply an ability to be somewhat omnivorous in 

 its eating habits is not clear from the evidence presented. Gahan 

 (1922, pages 37-38) presents some arguments in favor of the first 

 alternative mentioned. 



The citation of the host applies to the type material and is taken 

 from the original description except for specimens m which a host 

 was not indicated. In the latter case, hosts are listed that were 

 indicated on labels of determiued specimens found in the various 

 collections or cited in publications subsequent to the original descrip- 

 tion. 



It has been impossible to check all of the names of the hosts. 

 Several reference works, however, have been consulted often and 

 have been most helpful. These include: "Catalogue of the Coleoptera 

 of America North of Mexico" by Leng, published in 1920 and the 

 supplements issued in 1927, 1933, 1939, and 1948; "HjTuenoptera of 

 America North of Mexico," 1951, by Muesebeck, Krombein, Townes 

 and others, and the first supplement published in 1958; "Insect Pests 

 of Farm, Garden, and Orchard" by Peairs and Davidson, 1956; "Plant 

 Galls and Gall Makers" by Felt, 1940; "Hymenoptera of Connecticut" 

 by Viereck, 1916. 



