38 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 119 



Sphyrna lewini Dumeiil, 1858, p. 261. (Possibly in part; Gorr6e, West Africa.) 

 Cestracion leeuwenii Day, 1865, p. 271. (Description; Malabar; distinguished 



from C zygaena.) 

 Cestracion {Zygaena) leeuwenii Dumeril, 1865, p. 383. ("Cotes de la terre de 



Leeuwen" [Australia].) 

 ICestracion (Sphyrna) zygaena (misidentification) Steindachner, 1870, p. 576. 



(Possibly in part; name only; Senegambia.) 

 Zygaena erythraea (Ehrenberg) Klunzinger, 1871, p. 666. (Name in synonymy.) 

 Zygaena leuwinii Ramsay, 1881, p. 96. (Possibly in part; name only; Port 



Jackson, Australia.) 

 Cestracyon zygaena (misidentification) Poey, 1881, p. 348. (Porto Rico, Guiana, 



Mediterranean area, East Indies; refers primarily to Sphyrna lewini; speci- 

 mens from Mediterranean may apply in part to S. zygaena.) 

 tSphyrna zygaena (possible misidentification) Studer, 1889, p. 263. (Moreton 



Bay.) 

 IZygoena malleus (possible misidentification) Sauvage, 1891, p. 510. (May refer 



entirely or in part to Sphyrna zygaena.) 

 ISphyrna {Zygaena) zygaena (possible misidentification) Imms, 1905, p. 43. 



(Pharyngeal denticles; name only; may refer entirely or in part to Sphyrna 



zygaena.) 

 ISphyrna tudes (possible misidentification) Ogilby, 1908, p. 4. (May refer to 



Sphyrna mokarran.) 

 Cestracion oceanica Carman, 1913, pp. 158-159. (Original description; type 



locality, Society Islands.) 

 Cestracion lewini Ogilby, 1916, pp. 81, 94. (Moreton Bay, Queensland.) 

 Sphyrna {Sphyrna) lewini McCuUoch and Whitley, 1925, p. 129. (Reference.) 

 ISphyrna (Sphyrna) zygaena (possible misidentification) McCuUoch and Whitley, 



1925, p. 129. (May refer in part to Sphyrna lewini.) 

 Sphyrna oceanica Fowler, 1928, p. 23. (Copied.) 

 Cestracion zygoena (probable misidentification) Chevey, 1932, p. 6. (Cochin 



China; misidentification probable because of locality.) 

 Sphyrna diplana Springer, 1941, pp. 46-52. (Original description; type locality, 



Englewood, Fla.) 



Specimens examined. — (Range in size: 386-1,755 mm. TL). At- 

 lantic Ocean: "Atlantic": MCZ 393 (1), no fm-ther data. "Europe": 

 MCZ 673 (1), no further data. "West Indies": SU 11830 (1), no 

 further data. Bahamas: UMML 10867 (1), off west end Grand 

 Bahamas Island. Brazil: MCZ 462 (4), Rio de Janeu-o; MCZ 314 

 (1), MCZ 470 (1), SU 52717-52719 (3), Rio Grande do Sul; SU 52874 

 (1), Florianopolis; SU 14046 (1), Santos. Cuba: USNM 111350 

 (chondrocranium), no further data. Italy: UP uncataloged (1), 

 Livorno. Guinea: USNM uncataloged (1, head and fins), 9° 34' N., 

 16° 18' W. Jamaica: USNM 29999 (1), no fiu-ther data. Liberia: 

 USNM 179705-179706 (2), Messurado River beach. Mexico: MCZ 

 39646 (1), off Ciudad Carmen, Campeche; SU 11696 (1), no further 

 data. Panama: USNM 79282 (1), USNM 79285 (1), ANSP 49936- 

 49937 (2 heads), Colon. Sui-inam: USNM 159196 (1), 06°23' to 

 06°20' N., 54°47' to 54°51' W.; USNM 159197 (1), USNM 159199 (1), 



