NO. 3539 HAMMERHEAD SHARKS — GILBERT 51 



regularly, to southern North Carolina and, occasionally, to southern 

 New England. All but three records are from continental waters, 

 and these exceptions are from Bimini, in the western Bahamas, and 

 from Cuba, less than 100 miles from the mainland. Although the 

 species is known to be well established on Bimini, there is no evidence 

 of a permanent population on Cuba, and it is possible that records 

 from the latter area have resulted from market specimens that were 

 caught on the other side of the Florida Straits. 



Sphyrna tiburo vespertina is conomon in similar habitats in the 

 eastern Pacific from southern California to Equador. 



Locality records for Sphyrna tiburo are plotted on map 4. 



Sphyrna (Platysqualus) tiburo tiburo (Linnaeus) 



Figures 11, 12/>, c, 13, 21e, 22e; Plate 7a 



Squalus tiburo Linnaeus, 1758, p. 234. (Original description; no type specimen; 



type locality, "America".) 

 Sphyrna tiburo Rafinesque, 1810, p. 47. (New generic name for Squalus tiburo 



Linnaeus, 1758; misspelled "liburo," obviously a typographical error.) 

 Cestrorhinus tiburo Blainville, 1816, p. 121. (Name only.) 

 Zxjgaena tiburo Valenciennes, 1822, pp. 226-227. (Description; illustration of 



head; Brazil.) 

 Zygaena (Squalus) tiburo Leuckart, 1836, p. 22. (Illustration; early embryo, yolk 



stalk and yolk.) 

 Platy squalus tiburo Swainson, 1839, p. 318. (Description; new generic name 



proposed without comment.) 

 Sphyrnias tiburo Gray, 1851, p. 50. (In list.) 

 Reniceps tiburo Gill, 1861, pp. 403, 412. (Name; new generic name proposed 



despite availability of Platy squalus.) 

 Cestracion tiburo Gill 1862, p. 59. (In North American catalogue.) 

 Sphyrna (Reniceps) tiburo Jordan and Evermann, 1896, p. 217. (Range.) 

 Cestracion zygaena (misidentification) Kadcliffe, 1916, pi. 43, fig. 2. (Photo of 



jaws, evidently mislabeled by accident.) 



Specimens examined. — (Range in size: 350-910 mm. TL). Ba- 

 hamas: UMMZ 174384 (1), Bimini. Brazil: MCZ 464 (3), USNM 

 43359 (head and tail), Bahia; MCZ 469 (1), SU 52715 (1), SU 52873 

 (1), USNM 104318 (2), Recife (Pernambuco) ; SU 52713 (1), SU 

 52714 (1), Ponta de Mucuripe, Fortaleza; MCZ 27 (1), MCZ 90 (2), 

 MCZ 153 (5), MCZ 162 (5), MCZ 394 (4), MCZ 416 (4), MCZ 439 (2), 

 MCZ 450 (2), MCZ 461 (5), Rio de Janeiro; SU 14047 (1), FMNH 

 46997 (1), Santos; SU 52872 (1), Vitoria market. Colombia: USNM 

 94754 (1), Caribbean Sea, near Puerto Colombia (and Barranquilla). 

 Cuba: USNM 2710 (1), MCZ 522 (2), no further data. Mexico: 

 MCZ 39645 (1), off Ciudad Carmen, Campeche. Nicaragua: USNM 

 78180 (1), Punta Gorda. Panama: USNM 79315 (1), ANSP 49841- 

 49847 (7), ANSP 49938-49940 (3 heads), Colon. Sm-inam: USNM 

 159198 (1), 06°27' to 06°25' N., 55°05' to 55°10' W.; USNM 159201 

 (1), 06°20' to 06°19' N., 54°33.5' to 54°38.5' W. United States 



