2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 119 



Foundation and the University of Bridgeport Faculty Eesearch Fund. 

 The author also is deeply grateful to Dr. Horton H. Hobbs, Jr., for 

 his advice and assistance. 



A History of the Species 



1852. Girard, having examined specimens of crayfish of uncertain 

 locality (somewhere "within the middle States of the Union"), con- 

 cluded that they were sufficiently different from the then-known forms 

 of C. diogenes and C. bartonii to warrant the designation Camharus 

 longulus (p. 90). In this work, he first employed Camharus as a 

 subgeneric name. 



1870. The genus Camharus was divided by Hagen into foiu" groups 

 (p. 31), C. hartonii being made the type for his Group III into which 

 all similar forms were placed. Having examined Girard's type of 

 C. longulus, Hagen indicated that it was probably an abnormal 

 C. hartonii (pp. 78, 79) and he erroneously placed it in his Group III 

 as ^'Camharus Bartonii." 



1885. Faxon, having examined Hagen's description of Girard's 

 type of C. longulus, as well as several similar specimens in the USNM 

 collections, intimated that Gii'ard's C. longulus was valid (1885a, 

 p. 66), yet he did not consider his own total number of specimens 

 sufficiently adequate to warrant reestablishing longulus as a species. 

 Instead, on the basis of specimens taken from eastern Tennessee, 

 West Virginia, and Cumberland Gap, Va., he described and named 

 longirostris as a variety of the species C. hartonii (1885a, pp. 65, 66) 

 and stated: "The specimens described above under the name of 

 C. hartonii var. longirostris, perhaps are the same form as C. longulus 

 ... in accord with Hagen's description of Girard's type" (1885a, 

 p. 66). 



1890. Faxon ". . . after examining the large number of specimens 

 (over one hundred, including females and both forms of the male) ..." 

 restored longulus "to the full rank of a species." The variety longi- 

 rostris, however, was retained as a varietal form of C. hartonii on the 

 basis of an inadequate number of specimens (pp. 623, 624). In this 

 paper, Faxon erred in designating C. longirostris as C. spinirostris 

 but corrected his own error: "(lapsu calami pro 'longirostris')" (Faxon 

 1914, p. 424). 



1898. In his "Observation on the Astacidae," Faxon listed several 

 new localities for specimens of both "Camharus longulus Girard" and 

 "Camharus hartonii longirostris" deposited in the USNM. It should 

 be noted that he still retained the specific name of longulus (pp. 649- 

 650). 



1899. Hay, in "Synopsis of North American Invertebrates," 



