2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol. 121 



group to be able to draw a clearer picture. Also, as a result of these 

 collections, I have been able better to define important taxonomic 

 characters and to discount others on which new species descriptions 

 have often been based. It is with the foregoing in mind that I have 

 made the following family revision. The Pandaridae as defined here 

 is composed of 12 genera and 33 species. 



The material examined was preserved in 10 percent formalin or 70 

 percent ethyl alcohol. For detailed examination of the appendages, 

 the copepods were dissected in lactic acid and mounted in Hoyer's 

 mounting medium. Whole specimens were often treated with 5 

 percent potassium hydroxide to render them more transparent. No 

 distortion was noticed by this method. 



All drawings were made with the aid of a camera lucida. The 

 letter following the explanation of the figure refers to the scale at 

 which it was drawn. In all text tabulations, Roman numerals refer 

 to spines, Arabic numerals to setae. 



All specimens are deposited in the U.S. National Museum unless 

 otherwise designated. 



I wish to acknowledge the constant encoiu"agement and helpful 

 advice offered by Dr. Arthur Humes, Boston University, during the 

 course of this study. 



I also wish to acknowledge the following persons who generously 

 donated or loaned to me material for study: Dr. Thomas E. Bowman 

 and Dr. Robert Gibbs, U.S. National Museum; Dr. Eugenie Clark, 

 Cape Haze Marine Laboratory, Fla. ; Dr. Richard Gooding, University 

 of Singapore; Mr. Ju Shey Ho, Boston University; Miss Leonie 

 Joubert, Oceanographic Research Institute, South Africa; Mr. Susumu 

 Kato, California Fish and Wildlife Service; and Dr. Jan Stock, 

 Zoological Museum, Amsterdam. 



A portion of this work was supported by the National Science 

 Foundation as a part of the U.S. Program in Biology, International 

 Indian Ocean Expedition. 



Family Pandaridae Milne-Edwards, 1840 



Female. — Body caligiform, usually with dorsal plates. First 

 thoracic segment fused with cephalon. Thoracic segments 2-4 free. 

 Genital segment conspicuous. Abdomen of 1 or 2 segments with or 

 without dorsal plates. Oral area with or without adhesion pads. 

 First antenna 2-segmented. Mandible in form of stylet with 10-12 

 apical teeth. Mandible inserted within mouth tube. Maxilliped 

 with terminal claw. Legs 1-4 biramose. Leg 5 reduced. Egg strings 

 consisting of long strings of eggs arranged in linear series. 



Male, — Body caligiform, without dorsal plates. First thoracic 



