NO. 2063. NORTH AMERICAN PARASITIC C0PEP0D8— WILSON. 667 



was Miiller's Lernaea uncinata. But Eudolphi had used the name 

 Schisturus in 1809 for a genus of worms, and perhaps Oken became 

 aware of this. At all events he presented later in the same book 

 (p. 357) a much better classification of the Lernaeans, which he 

 divided into four genera, Axine, ClaveJla, Pennella, and Lernaea. For 

 the second of these genera which was new to science he took as the 

 type Clavella uncinata. 



In 1822 Blainville, overlooking or neglecting Oken's work, estab- 

 lished (p. 438) a new genus which he called Lernaeomyzon, and of 

 which he also made MiiUer's Lernaea uncinata the type. 



In 1830 Cuvier, in his Le Regne Animal, adopted Oken's genus 

 Clavella (vol, 3, p. 258) and included in it Miiller's two species uncinata 

 and clavata. But he also established (p. 257) a new genus which he 

 named AncTiorella, and for which he gave the following diagnosis: 

 "Ne se fixe aux ouies que par une seule productio qui part du dessous 

 du corps, et se derige en arriere." He made Strom's Lernaea adunca 

 the type of this new genus, which, of coiu-se, he claimed to be gener- 

 ic ally distinct from Oken's Clavella. 



Kj"0yer in his Naturhistorisk Tidsski'ift (1837) shufiied these genera 

 in a very arbitrary and reckless manner. Under the Lernaeoda (vol. 

 1, p. 193) he placed as the first genus, "1. Anchorella (Cuv., Clavella 

 Oken, Lernaeomyzon Blainv.). Arter: AncJi. uncinxita Fabr. Anch. 

 lagenula Guerin. AncJi. microcepJiala Nordm." 



As the seventh genus he placed "Clavella Oken, Arter: CI. hip- 

 poglossi Cuv. CZ. ? clavata MuU." (p. 195). He added in a footnote 

 on the same page, "This genus was not included by Blainville, prob- 

 ably in the belief that it was identical with Ancliorella, because 

 MiiUer's L. uncinata, which Ouvier referred to the genus ClaveUa, 

 really belongs to Anchorella; but this is not the case with CI. hip- 

 poglossi. Whether it may be with L. clavata I can not say definitely, 

 since I have not seen it, and Miiller's description is unsatisfactory." 

 Kr0yer thus made Oken's Clavella a synonym of Cuvier' s Ancliorella, 

 and then later established it as a distinct genus. He took the type- 

 species of Clavella and made it the type of Anchorella, while he estab- 

 lished as a new type for Clavella Guerin's species Mppoglossi. Milne 

 Edwards and subsequent writers, until recently, have followed 

 Kr0yer's arrangement, wholly ignoring Cuvier' s generic distinction as 

 well as the genera of Blainville and Oken. 



The Lernaea adunca, which Cuvier made the type of the genus 

 Ancliorella, was described and figured by Strom m 1762, but has 

 never been seen by any subsequent observer. So far as can be deter- 

 mined from Strom's description and figures the species is identical 

 with uncinata. If the two really are the same, AncTiorella becomes 

 a synonym of Clavella; if they are not identical, both genera are vahd, 



