598 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol.47. 



pods in many particulars. He recognized two orders, the Siphonos- 

 toma, including the Argulidae, the CaUgidae, the Pandaridae, the 

 Dichelestiidae, and the ErgasiUdae, and for the second order the 

 Lernaeidae, including the Chondracanthidae, the new family, the 

 Lernaeopodidae, and the Lernaeoceridae. 



The family was thus first introduced by Milne Edwards, and since 

 that introduction the only changes in it have been the addition or 

 removal of various genera. 



Family LERNAEOPODIDAE Milne Edwards. 



Family characters of female. — A fixed parasite; head usually sepa- 

 rated from the thorax, often borne on a long neck; trunk usually 

 unsegmented, with or without posterior processes; abdomen and anal 

 lammae often lacking; first antennae small and with few joints; 

 second antennae biramose, flattened laterally, not prehensile; upper 

 and under lips prolonged into a sucking tube fringed with hairs; 

 mandibles toothed; first maxillae rudimentary, palplike; second 

 maxillae modified into attachment organs, usually joined at the 

 distal end and furnished with a bulla; maxiUipeds of the usual pre- 

 hensile form, tipped with claws; no swimming legs; egg strings large, 

 multiseriate. 



Male. — A pigmy clinging to the body of the female but free to 

 move about; head usually separated from the trunk, the latter more 

 often segmented than in the female; anal laminae usually present; 

 first maxiUae similar to those of female ; second maxillae and maxilli- 

 peds large and powerful, and furnished with prehensile claws; first 

 two pairs of smmming legs sometimes present in the adult (genus 

 Achiheres), but degenerate and useless. 



RemarTcs. — The different investigators have adopted very different 

 methods of classification in deahng with this family. Burmeister 

 (1833) used the structure and position of the attachment organs 

 (Haftorganen) as the basis of the fu'st division, and the length and 

 shape of the cephalothorax as the basis of the second division. Milne 

 Edwards ( 1840) used the same basis for his first division, but for the 

 second one he introduced the relative position of the second maxillae 

 and maxiUipeds.* Baird (1850) used the structure and fusion of the 

 second maxillae for his first and only division, wliich is really a 

 generic one, since he included in the family simply the two genera 

 Lemaeopoda and Ancliorella. Heller (1865) based his first division 

 on the presence or absence of maxilHpeds, his second on the structure 

 of the second maxillae, and his third on the f oi-m of the cephalothorax. 

 Gerstaecker( 1881) used the length and thickness of the cephalothorax 

 for his first division, the separation or fusion of the neck and body for 



1 He called them first and second maxillipeds. 



