NO. 2176. NOTES ON VIRGINIA ORTHOPTERA—FOX. 201 



Delaware Valley district of that State,^ South of the James River 

 the Coastal Plain, appears to be largely a flat, or at most, gently roll- 

 ing, featureless expanse, but north of that river in the narrow penin- 

 sulas between the estuaries of the York, Rappahannock, and Potomac 

 rivers there is some quite rugged topography m places where the 

 small streams have cut deep ravines in the upland. Bordermg aU 

 the large rivers in the Coastal Plain are wide, level terraces marking 

 an earlier stage of flood-plain deposition [Columbian formation]. 

 The boundary between these "flats" and the higher interior is formed 

 by a well-defined line of bluffs. 



¥7ith regard to its Orthopteran fauna there appears to be in Vir- 

 ginia two primary centers of dispersal, one of which is typically repre- 

 sented by the Appalachian Province, the other by the Coastal Plain. 

 The Appalachian Provmce is the center of an assemblage of decided 

 northern affinities, certam members of which tend to spread eastward 

 into the Piedmont region and, to a less degree, mto the Coastal 

 Plam. The latter province forms the center of a southern or Austral 

 fauna, similar m its essential features to the CoastaP famia of New 

 Jersey, which in Virginia spreads in large measure over the entire 

 Piedmont region and to a certain degree penetrates the Blue Ridge 

 and lower mountain levels. 



Typical of the Appalachian Province, in Virginia appear to be the 

 followinor: 



Melanoplus walshii. 

 Melanoplus femur-rubrum.^ 

 Melanoplus confusus. 

 Melanoplics luridus. 

 Melanopliis bivittatus. 

 Scudderia pistillata. 

 Amblycorypha rotundifolia. 

 Neoconocephalics etisiger. 

 Conoeephalus brevipennis.^ 

 Atlanticus davisi. 



Orphulella speciosa. 

 Chloealtis conspersa. 

 Chorthippus curtipennis. 

 Encoptolophus sordidus. 

 Camnula pellucida. 

 Pardalophora apiculata. 

 Sphamgernon saxaiile. 

 Dendrotettix australis. 

 Melanoplus celatu^. 

 Melanoplus deviu^. 

 Melanoplus gracilis. 



Other forms occurring commonly in the momitains, but of approxi- 

 mately equal frequency and uniformity throughout the State are 

 Arphia sulphurea, Cliorto'phaga viridifasciata, Spliaragemon holli, 

 Dissosteira Carolina, Scudderia texensis, Scudderia furcata, OrcJieli- 

 mum vulgare, Conoeephalus fasciatus (apparently more miiformly 



1 See Stone, Plants of Southern New Jersey, Annual Report, N. J. State Museum, Trenton, N. J., 1910. 



2 See Fox, Data on the Orthopteran Faunistics of Eastern Pennsylvania and Southern New Jersey, Proc. 

 Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1914, pp. 457-463. 



3 Both M. femur-rubrum and C. brevipennis occur throughout the State, but in the writer's experience 

 they are much more abundant and generally distributed in the moimtain section than in the Piedmont 

 region and Coastal Plain where they are usually quite local in distribution, though quite common in favor- 

 able situations. The writer wishes it understood that he does not mean to imply that the forms listed 

 above are necessarily Appalachian in origin, merely that, as conditions are at present, the species have their 

 stronghold in the region in question. 



