NO. 2294. FISHES FROM WEST AFRICA— FOWLER. 205 



back at first, then drops just before caudal peduncle until midway on 

 side and extends out on caudal base. Tubes largely simple, well 

 exposed. 



Spinous dorsal inserted well before hind opercle edge, about over 

 pectoral origin; spines more or less subequal, and first not elongated. 

 Soft dorsal inserted about midway between front eye edge and caudal 

 base; fin of about uniform height, and edge like that of spinous 

 dorsal, slightly notched. Anal inserted opposite soft dorsal origin, 

 with weak spines of which third longest and rayed fin like soft dorsal. 

 Caudal oblong, truncate behind. Pectoral pointed from upper rays, 

 which longest, reaches three-fourths to anal. Ventral origin very 

 slightly before pectoral origin, fin half way to anal and spine two- 

 thirds of fin. Vent close before anal. 



Color in alcohol largely brown above on back and head. Paler 

 below with tinge of buff. Dark color of back not strongly contrasted 

 with paler lower colors. Well-defined dark line from pectoral axil to 

 caudal base little below middle. Cheek and opercles brown above. 

 Small black spot less than pupil on opercle flap near tip above, also 

 another at pectoral origin. Membrane between first two dorsal 

 spines deep brownish, and entire dorsal fins otherwise pale or dull 

 buff. Other fins buft\ Iris brassy-yellow. Length, 170 mm. 



Type.— No. 42127, U.S.N.M. Horta, Fayal Island, Azores, No- 

 vember 3, 1889. Wm. Harvey Brown. 



Only the above unique example, allied with Jidis atlantica (Giin- 

 ther)^ in its uniform spinous dorsal and slender body. In these 

 points it dift'ers strikingly from Mediterranean examples of Julis julis 

 (Linnaeus) before me. From Giinther's species it may easily be 

 distinguished by its shorter ventrals and coloration. Giinther 

 describes two broad dark longitudinal bands, one along the back and 

 the other from the pectoral to the caudal base medially, a black 

 spot at the end of the opercle, dorsal, and anal each narrowly edged 

 blackish with broad violet band along middle, caudal corners dark, 

 ventral filaments blackish and no black axillary blotch. Its size is 

 not given. 



I have compared Julis giofredi (Risso), from the Mediterranean, 

 and find it allied in the uniform spinous dorsal, though dift'ering in 

 the much smaller inconspicuous axillary black spot, which a mere 

 speck in most. It is not even indicated by Bonaparte ^ and Valen- 

 ciennes.^ The lower band on the side extends from the head below 

 to the pectoral base and the caudal base, in J. giofredi, and said to 

 be yeUow in life, though evidently all faded in my Italian and Medi- 

 terranean examples. They show only a whitish parallel line between 



1 Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., vol. 4, 1862, p. 197. Sierra Leone. » Hist. Nat. Pois., vol. 13, 1839, p. 271. 

 » Fauna Italica, Pesc, vol. 2, 1841 (117) fasc. 30, pi. 2. 



