4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. 66. 



Merinus, and Scotobates the mandible has changed slightly; both 

 right and left mandibles are still apically trifid but both lack the 

 additional dorsal tooth. (Figs. 2 and 5.) A still further modifica- 

 tion of the mandible takes place in Coelocn&mis and Tenehrio, which 

 show the beginning of the mentioned affinity to the Blaptinae. In 

 this subfamily the left mandible is bifid with a dorsal tooth near the 

 molar part, and the right mandible is bifid with a dorsal tooth near 

 apex. Moreover the back of the mandible has a slightly developed 

 carinate edge opposite the cutting part, and opposite the molar part 

 a well developed completely exposed membranous elevation with 

 either a few rather strong setae arranged in groups anteriorly and 

 posteriorly, or with many scattered, rather short and rigid setae. 

 Compared with these structures in Blaptinae, we find in Coelocnemis 

 each mandible bifid at apex, the left with an additional dorsal tooth 

 near the molar part, the right with a tooth near apex {t, fig. 54). 

 In this particular development, all species of Tenehrio are identical 

 with Goelocnemis. In the latter genus (fig. 54) and the two species, 

 Tenehrio molitor and Tenehrio ohscunis, there is only one seta an- 

 teriorly and two setae posteriorly on the dorsal side of the back of 

 the mandible (fig. 51) but in Tenehrio picipes (fig. 53) the setae are 

 scattered and numerous as in some genera of the Blaptinae. Finally, 

 the genera Zophohas and Rhinandrus demonstrate quite strongly the 

 suggested affinity of the Tenebrioninae with Blaptinae, possessing in 

 addition to the characters of Coelocnemus^ Tenehrio molitor^ and 

 Tenehrio ohscurus^ a slight margin on the back opposite the cutting 

 edge and also a membranous elevation opposite the molar part, two 

 characters which do not occur in the other Tenebrioninae. In Zo- 

 phohas the margin on the back of the mandible is rounded (c, fig. 

 62) while in Rhinandrus it is sharp (c, figs. 60 and 61) which is also 

 typical of the Blaptinae (figs. 64 and 65, Eleodes). The setae on 

 the anterior part of the membranous elevation are not as numerous 

 in Zophohas and Rhinandrus as in the Blaptinae, but otherwise we 

 find the whole structure developed exactly as in this subfamily. 



In the typical Tenebrioninae the pygidium is bicornute at apex 

 with side margins rounded, and either without setae, or with setae 

 arranged in a transverse series in front of the cerci. (Figs. 36, 41, 

 and 45.) In Tenehrio molitor and Tenehrio ohscurus it is apically 

 bicornute, but with side margins sharp and with two short, spinelike 

 setae on each side near apex. (Figs. 49 and 50.) In Tenehrio picipes 

 the apex is acute, not bicornute (fig. 52) and side margins are sharp 

 but with many setae, bearing a striking resemblance to the pygidium 

 of Eleodes tricostata. (Fig. 63.) In Zophohas and Rhinandrus the 

 pygidium is apically obtuse, without cerci and with side margins 

 sharp and bearing two short spinelike setae on each side near apex. 



