252 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.83 



aiJex with a yellowish band with three black eye-six)ts. Hind wings brown 

 with five black spots tinged with yellowish and without pupils. Beneath 

 brown with darker stripes. Fore wings toward the apex with a broad white 

 band bifurcated apically in which are four black eye-spots tinged with yellow, 

 the outer with a white pupil. Hind wings with a white band toward the apex, 

 a single eye-spot in front of the band, and behind the band six, the last two 

 twinned, tinged with yellow and with an oblong silver pupil. 



Fjibricius listed yortland'm between {Vanessa) itea from New Zea- 

 land (362) and (F.) cardui (364), indicating that he regarded it as 

 a nymphalid related to these two species. In its general appearance 

 it certainly does resemble a nymphalid more than it does most satyr- 

 ids. The locality "America meridionalis" given by Fabricius means 

 simply "southern America." 



In 1787 Fabricius (Mantissa insectorum, vol. 2, p. 45, no. 439) 

 changed the name portlandia to iortlandia. This was probably 

 merely a typographical error. 



Jacob Hiibner did not mention Fabricius' portlandia^ which he 

 seems to have been unable to identify, possibly having been misled 

 by the position between two species of Vanessa in which it was 

 placed by that author. 



Sometime between 1806 and 1818 (Sammlung exotischer Schmet- 

 terlinge, vol. 1) Hiibner described and figured Papilio {Oreas Mar- 

 inorata) andromacha. This appears to differ in no way from 

 Fabricius' portlandia^ of which it is generally conceded to be a 

 synonym. In 1818 (Verzeichniss bekannter Schmetterlinge, p. 61, 

 no. 587) Hiibner listed this species as Enodia andromaclia. 



In 1821 (Index exoticorum lepidopterorum, p. 1) Hiibner substi- 

 tuted the specific name androcardia for andromacha^ giving no expla- 

 nation for the change. He wrote simply "Andromacha Pap. nym. 

 f. Oreas marmorata: Enodia Androcardia." It is possible that the 

 name was changed because of an earlier Papilio (Parriassius) 

 androm/icha of Fabricius (Systema entomologiae, p. 466, no. 102, 

 1775), which is Acraea andromacha of the Australian region. 



Thomas Say in 1859 (American entomology, vol. 1, p. 81, pi. 36) 

 published a detailed description and colored figures of a specimen of 

 Hipporchia andromacha from Arkansas. 



In 1878 Ferdinand Heinrich Herman Strecker (Butterflies and 

 moths of North America, p. 148, no. 299) described a specimen from 

 Texas as 



ab. a. $ — Spots on upper surface of primaries very small and almost obsolete, 

 the transverse lines entirely wanting. In the cells (excepting the discoidal) 

 accompanying the veins are broad furry fuscous lines connected inwardly, 

 open outwardly, leaving sagittate spaces of the brown ground colour in tlie 

 middle of each cell. Mus. Strecker. 



In 1888 "W. H. Edwards (The butterflies of North America, ser. 3, 

 pt. v, Debis i) published a detailed account of the life history of 



