REVIEW OF HIPPOCAMPUS — GINSBURG 551 



HIPPOCAMPUS HUDSONIUS HUDSONIUS De Kay 



Figures 59-62 



Hippocampus hiidsonius De Kay, Zoology of New York, pt. 4, Fishes, p. 322, 



pi. 53, fig. 171, 1842 (New York). 

 Hippocampus laevicaudatus Heckel, in Kanp's Catalogue of the lophobranchiate 



fish in the collection of the British Museum, p. 16, pi. 2, fig. 2, 1856 (North 



America) . 

 Hippocampus kudsonius Yarrow, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 29, 



p. 204, 1877 (Fort Macon, N. C). 

 Hippocampus antiquorum Goode (not Leach), Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 1, 



p. 45, 1878 (St. Georges Banks). 

 Hippocampus antiquorum Goode and Bean, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 17, 



p. 39, 1879; also in Bull. Essex Inst., vol. 11, no. 1-3, p. 4, 1879 (Georges 



Bank, possibly refers to same specimen as preceding record) . 

 Hippocampus hudsonius Jordan and Gilbert, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 10, p. 907, 



1882 (Beaufort, N. C). 

 Hippocampus punctulatus Bean (not Guichenot), Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., vol. 



7, p. 134, 1889 (Ocean City and Somers Point, N. J.). 

 Hippocampus hudsonius Jordan and Evermann, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 47, pt. 1, 



p. 777, 1896 (laevicaudatus placed in synonymy of hudsonius) . 

 Hippocampus hudsonius Smith, The fishes of North Carolina, p. 172, fig. G7, 1907 



(Beaufort, N. C). 

 Hippocampus punctulatus Smith (not Guichenot), ibid., p. 173 (Beaufort, N. C). 

 Hippocampus hudsonius Evermann and Hildebrand, Proc. Biol. Soc. V/ashing- 



ton, vol. 23, p. 160, 1910 (Cape Charles City). 

 Hippocampus hudsonius Hildebrand and Schroeder, Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish., 

 • vol. 43, pt. 1, p. 185, fig. 100, 1927 (Chesapeake Bay localities). 



Diagnosis. — First caudal segment nearly always hexangular, 

 infrequentl}^ quadrangular (completely hexangular in 71, incom- 

 pletely hexangular in one, quadrangular in four specimens); last 

 trunk segment always octangular; penultimate trunk segment nearly 

 always septangular (in 73), infrequently novemangular (in three). In 

 other words, last trunk and first caudal segment only having extra 

 plates in nearly all specimens, infrequently an extra plate missing on 

 first caudual segment or present on penultimate trunk segment; or, 

 upper ridges of tail and trunk nearly ahvays overlapping on two 

 segments, infrequently on one or on three segments. Trunk seg- 

 ments nearly always 11, infrequently 10 (11 complete segments in 

 73 specimens, the eleventh segment incomplete in one, and 10 seg- 

 ments in only one specimen). Caudal segments usually 3G to 38, 

 varying 35 to 39. Dorsal rays usually 18 or 19, varying 16 to 20. 

 Pectoral rays usually 15 or 16, varying 14 to 17. (The counts differ 

 \\dth the populations; see discussion below.) Spines unusualb/ long 

 in the young, often very conspicuous in medium-sized specimens 

 taken in deep water, relatively well developed in full-grown fish. 

 Coronet well developed. Trunk becoming moderately deep in full- 

 grown specimens; snout of medium length. Filaments usually 

 present, sometimes quite profuse, often absent. Color pattern 



