REVIEW OF HIPPOCAMPUS — GINSBURG 543 



the snout decreases with size ; consequently, it is more hkely that this 

 specimen represents a multiannularis. The depth, and length of the 

 head, are also somewhat nearer to multiannularis. It is one of a lot 

 of three originally carried in the United States National Museum as 

 no. 16454, with the locality entered as "England" with a question 

 mark. The two smaller specimens in this lot are entirely typical of 

 europaeus and are included here in the account of that species, but 

 the specific relation of the present specimen is somewhat uncertain 

 for the reasons stated, and is treated here separately. It may be 

 possible to place this specimen with greater assurance after the range 

 of variation of both species is more definitely determined by a study 

 of larger numbers of specimens. 



HIPPOCAMPUS GUTTULATUS GUTTULATUS Cuvier 



Hippoca77ipus non aculeatus, incisuris raris Willughby, Historia piscium . . ., 

 Tab. I 25, fig. 4, 168G (no definite locality indicated, restricted by Cuvier, 

 1817, to a species from "nos mors" and Cuvier's account later formed basis 

 of Scliinz's longirostris) . 



Syngnathus hippocainpus Block (in part), Naturgeschichte der auslandishen 

 Fische, pt. 1, p. 7, pi. 109, fig. 2, 8 ed., 1786 (the figure and only part of 

 written account apparently refer to this species). 



Hippocampus ramulosus Leach, The zoological miscellany, vol. 1, p. 105, pi. 47, 

 1814 (locality unknown; possibly based on a specimen of the present sub- 

 species, see p. 518). 



Hippocampus ["a museau plus long"] Cuvier, Le regne animal . . ., vol. 2, 

 p. 157, 1817 ("nos mers"; refers to Willughby's figure 4; distinguished but 

 not named). 



Hippocampus longirostris Schinz, Das Thierreich von Cuvier, vol. 2, p. 262, 1822 

 (based on Cuvier's preceding account; herewith formally restricted to the 

 Mediterranean population) . 



Hippocampus rosaceus Risso, Histoire naturelle des principales productions de 

 I'Europe meridionale . . ., vol. 3, p. 184, 1S26 (most likely refers to present 

 subspecies, see p. 521). 



Hippocampus guitulatus Cuvier, Le regne animal . . ., ed. 2, vol. 2, p. 363, 1S29 

 (evidently a substitute for longirostris Schinz, generally employed by authors 

 to designate the common Mediterranean long-snouted seahorse and herewith 

 formally restricted to the Mediterranean population). 



Hippocampus ramulosus Gxjnther, Catalogue of the fishes of the British Museum, 

 vol. 8, p. 201, 1870 (account includes type of rajnulosus) . 



Hippocampus guttulaius Rauther, Die Syngnathiden des Golfes von Ncapel, 

 p. 8, pi. 2, figs. 12, 14, 15, 1925 (the figure 13 is not typical of the present 

 species, having the spines too low, the snout intermediate, and the color 

 more as in H. hippocampus; Rauther gives an extensive account of tlie biology 

 and anatomy of the Mediterranean species). 



Diagnosis. — First caudal segment hexangular, last trunk segment 

 octangular, and penultunate segment septangular (constant in all 24 

 specimens examined). In other words, first caudal and last trunk 

 segment only bearing extra plates for support of the dorsal ; or, upper 

 ridges of tail and trunk overlapping on two segments. Trunk seg- 



