V. IMMEDIATE Post-ConaueEst PERIOD 
(1520-1600 A.D.) 
Fundamentally the main social change which took 
place from the pre-Conquest to the Conquest periods 
consisted of asubstitution of a Spanish theocratic-colonial 
government for the native theocratic-tribal ruler organi- 
zation. As far as the Indian population was concerned, 
one master was substituted for another. The established 
rhythm of activities continued almost unaltered, in spite 
of the localized demands for Indian labor to work the 
mines. Various crops were introduced at this time, but 
maize continued to be the main source of food, and un- 
doubtedly the methods of maize storage of the preceding 
period were also in use at this time by the family groups. 
The establishment of the Encomienda system of land 
holdings placed the favored Encomendado in the position 
of exacting tribute from the Indian groups under his 
control. With regard to the storage of maize under the 
Encomienda, the Yanhuitlan Codex contains some val- 
uable information. This Codex has been described in 
detail by Jimenez Moreno and Mateos Higuera (1940), 
and Anderson and Finan (1945) have added some perti- 
nent data. It shows a large log-cabin type of structure 
used as a measure for the amount of maize which the 
people of Yanhuitlan, Oaxaca, were obliged to produce 
for the Encomendado Don Domingo in order to satisfy 
what was prescribed in the required valuation made by 
the Viceroy Don Antonio de Mendoza on October 26, 
1548. This structure is very similar to the wooden log- 
cabin type of granary still in use in this region of the 
Mixtec Indians (PI. XVII, D). 
SUMMARY—IMMEDIATE POST-CONQUEST PERIOD 
(1520-1600 A.D.) 
In spite of the Conquest, the agricultural Indian population of Mex- 
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