kernels were small, slightly longer than wide, and corne- 
ous. This maize was both a pop corn and a pod corn. 
An artist’s reconstruction of this primitive maize, ex- 
ecuted by Mr. Gordon W. Dillon to whom we are in- 
debted not only for his artistry but also for his botanical 
acumen, is shown in Plate XXIV, Fig. B. In its phyl- 
lotaxy and the nature of its glumes the reconstruction 
is based upon an actual specimen from Stratum [ illus- 
trated in Plate XXIV, Fig. C. Since this specimen was 
not intact with respect to length, the reconstructed ear 
was drawn to correspond in length to an intact specimen 
in the same stratum. The size of the kernels in the re- 
construction was determined by the shape of the upper 
glume which, as shown by examination under the mi- 
croscope, had obviously partially enclosed a kernel. The 
kernels on the reconstructed ear are somewhat smaller 
than any which were actually found in Stratum [], but 
no smaller than several found in later strata. 
It is possible that the kernels in primitive maize were 
not so completely enclosed by glumes as the artist’s re- 
construction would suggest and were actually more like 
kernels of varieties of grain sorghum which, although 
shorter than their glumes, are large enough to push the 
lower and upper glumes apart. In all other respects, 
however, Mr. Dillon’s drawing represents an accurate 
and valid reconstruction of actual remains found in the 
lowest stratum of the Bat Cave material. 
Facrors INVOLVED IN THE EVOLUTION OF MAIZE 
The evolutionary steps required to transform the prim- 
itive Bat Cave maize into a modern Corn-Belt Dent are 
no longer difficult to visualize. Indeed, many of them 
are clearly illustrated by the vegetal remains described 
in this paper. Elucidation of the remainder requires little 
more than a judicious use of the imagination. 
[ 239 ] 
