Ilex vomitoria and, as such, must be taken into account. 
At first glance, it would seem that Cassine Paragua 
Mill. might properly be the basis of a new combination 
under J/exv. Closer examination will reveal, however, 
that its status is that of a homonym with an orthographic 
variation and is, therefore, unavailable. 
In the 9th edition of Miller’s ‘‘Gardener’s Dictionary’ 
(1797) Cassine No. 2, the orthography is altered from 
Cassine Paragua to conform with Linnaeus’ C. Peragua. 
Thomas Martyn, editor of the work, reported under 
Cassine No. 2, that: ‘‘Cassine Paragua of Miller is Ilex 
vomitoria. C. Peragua of the Mantissa, is Viburnum 
laevigatum.’*> Martyn, having corrected Miller’s ortho- 
graphic error, united two names for the Old World con- 
cept correctly under the older name Cassine Peragua. 
But he then proceeded to misapply this name to the 
New World concept which we now know as Ilex vomi- 
toria which is ‘‘native of Virginia and Carolina.’’ In con- 
sideration of these circumstances, then, Miller's specific 
epithet Paragua cannot be available for transfer to Zea. 
The confused use of the name I/ex Cassine, which has 
likewise hampered our understanding of J/ea vomitoria, 
is attributable to the unfortunate fact that this binomial 
has been published by two authors for different concepts. 
The earlier lev Cassine Linnaeus (Sp. Pl. (1753) 
125) was an unfortunately chosen name, for while the bi- 
nomial itself refers without any doubt to the dahoon of 
the southeastern United States, the specific epithet was 
taken from one of the common names of the yaupon 
holly and applied to the other holly by Linnaeus in er- 
ror. Ilex Cassine L., therefore, is the accepted technical 
name for the dahoon holly. 
A few years later, Walter (FI. Carol. (1788) 241) pub- 
lished Ilew Cassine to refer to the concept we now call 
I. vomitoria, as ascertained by reference to a photograph 
[ 103 ] 
