field to separate cultivated plants from wild species, al- 
though the specimens of beans and squash recovered 
were obviously cultivated. 
DETERMINATION OF THE REMAINS 
All of the determinations are based upon characters 
of taxonomic significance. Fragmentary material has 
often been given only a generic name due to lack of the 
detail needed for specific determination. A small amount 
of the material proved indeterminable. 
The identification of the wood and charcoal remains 
presented certain technical difficulties in handling the 
material. An unsuccessful attempt was made to soften 
the charcoal enough to permit sectioning. In most cases 
there was complete disintegration in the bleach solution. 
Some few samples did not crumble, but these did not 
soften sufficiently to be sectioned. 
The wood remnants were softened by boiling. Because 
of partial disintegration and chemical change, it was 
found that no further softening by hydrofluoric acid 
treatment was necessary. Although some material was 
left unstained, the bulk of the wood sections were 
stained by Heidenhain’s haematoxylin and safranin be- 
fore being permanently mounted. 
Except for the wood of the conifers and Quercus, the 
only tree genera represented, the material could only be 
identified after comparison with a set of slides made of 
known woods occurring at similar elevations today. 
Much of the old material represents such families as the 
Chenopodiaceae, Rosaceae, Rutaceae, Rhamnaceae, and 
Compositae. 
The author wishes to express his sincere thanks for 
the aid and advice accorded him by Professor Paul C. 
Mangelsdorf, Professor Ivan M. Johnston, Professor 
EKlso S. Barghoorn and the many others who have as- 
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