any marked developmental trend. The material available 
for study does not furnish the detail found in the maize 
remains, and there is little variation discernible in the 
squash seeds and beans. ‘The number of squash stems is 
also insufficient to furnish much information, Further- 
more, the squash rind is devoid of any characteristic de- 
tail. From the material studied it may be concluded that 
at the time maize was first cultivated in a primitive form 
at Bat Cave, C. Pepo was cultivated for its rather large 
fruit. This squash apparently changed little if at all, while 
the maize underwent a distinct development. Phaseolus 
vulgaris does not appear in the oldest third of the Bat 
Cave deposit. There is no apparent change in character 
in the beans. It may perhaps be significant that the first 
beans appear in stratum III in which the first teosinte 
introgression is discernible in the maize. 
Helianthus annuus Linnaeus Sp. Pl. (1753) 904. 
Throughout the entire deposit flowering heads of 
Aclhianthus annuus L. occur. There is no indication that 
sunflowers were actually cultivated for their seed, al- 
though they may well have been, as in other parts of the 
southwest. The heads are of a size similar to those of the 
wild plants which are very common in better watered 
parts of the region today. These heads are about 2.5 to 
3.5 cm. in diameter, and they vary in no way from the 
bottom to the top of the deposit. 
UNCULTIVATED PLANTS 
The remainder of the Bat Cave vegetal remains may 
be assumed to be uncultivated, as they are mainly ma- 
terials which could easily have been gathered in a wild 
state in the vicinity of the Cave. Descriptions are listed 
in taxonomic sequence according to the Engler and 
Prantl system, rather than according to abundance or 
[ 164 | 
