plant is represented by large seeds. These may not be 
seeds of J. pachyphloea, although the resemblance is close. 
There were no remains identifiable as juniper in stratum 
ILI. The seeds and berry found in stratum IV are char- 
acteristic of J. pachyphloea, as are the numerous seeds, 
berries and twigs bearing leaves found in both strata V 
and VI. 
Juniperus sp. 
This genus is represented by wood fragments from all 
but the first two strata. 
The large amount of juniper remains in the upper three 
strata contrasts sharply with the few seeds from stratum 
Il and the lack of material from strata I and III. Using 
pifon remains as a criterion, there must have been juni- 
per trees in the area for the entire time of occupation, 
so their absence in the lower parts of the deposit should 
be attributed to disuse rather than to lack of available 
material. 
‘Ty PHACEAE 
Typha latifolia Linnaeus Sp. Pl. (17538) 971. 
Remains of aquatic or marsh plants are relatively rare 
in the Bat Cave deposit. A portion of cattail leaf was 
found in stratum LV. The largest amount of cattail ma- 
terial, however, came from stratum V where numerous 
pistillate heads and a small staminate head of 7' latifolia 
were recovered. 
At the present time, cattails grow only in recently 
made ponds at Jacks Spring and 'T.U.T. Spring twelve 
miles across the plain from Bat Cave. The abundance 
of the cattail remains therefore suggests that during the 
period represented by strata IV and V there was a per- 
manent body of shallow water nearby. Probably the 
large playa in front of the cave was at that time supplied 
[ 166 } 
