the pan. It is frequently covered with gold or silver leaf, 
and is the most expensive form of tobacco. 
4. Kaddipudi. This is the cheapest form of tobacco. 
It consists mainly of the stalks and the petioles of tobacco 
plants. These sticky parts of the plants are crushed into 
a coarse powder (/addipudi means powdered-sticks), pro- 
cessed with jaggary and water, and pressed into bricks 
or blocks and sold in the market. 
5. Gundi. This is a mixture of country-cured tobacco, 
coriander seeds and other spices. The tobacco is powdered 
and fried; coriander seeds, and other spices, are each 
fried until they have the correct smell and are then 
coarsely powdered and mixed; finally the whole mixture 
is scented with a resinous oil called chua; gundiis known 
as kadapan in Orissa and Bengal. 
c. Amber and lime 
Amber. Amber is a fossil resin, but the term is also 
loosely applied to many resins from living plants. It is 
used to give an aromatic smell to pan. 
Lime (quicklime). Originally lime for use in pan was 
made from burned shells; but now it comes from burned 
limestone; i.e., from calcium carbonate. Calcium ecar- 
bonate is burned in special kilns, and is converted to cal- 
cium oxide. On the addition of water, this calcium oxide 
is changed to calcium hydroxide, which is known merely 
as lime or quicklime, and is used in pan. Precaution is 
always taken not to dry the lime completely in the open 
atmosphere, as it will be partially reconverted to calcium 
carbonate and become hard. Often the lime is variously 
scented with camphor, or colored with saffron, and bot- 
tled for sale. However, the plain lime is the form found 
to be in most use. Each family buys its own stones and 
prepares its own lime. The pan chewers carry their lime 
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