narcotic or a drug. Of all the masticatories, fumatories 
and liqueurs, the use of the pure form of pan is definitely 
an innocent and harmless practice. 
PLaNnts ASsocIATED WITH PAN 
In each case the scientific name and family and the 
part of the plant utilized is indicated, together with the 
English and vernacular names. 
i 
a. Plants associated with chewing 
Areca Catechu ZL. Palmaceae 
Seeds (hemicellulose endosperm). 
English: Betel nut, Areca nut; Sanskrit: Gur- 
vaca; Hindustani and Persian: Swpari; Malayan 
and Chinese: Pinang; Kannada, ete: Adike. 
Piper Betle L. Piperaceae 
Leaves. 
English: Betel pepper, Betel leaves; Sanskrit: 
Tambul; Hindustani: Pan. 
Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & Perry 
Myrtaceae 
Dried unopened flower buds. 
English: Clove; Sanskrit and Kannada: Lavang. 
Elettaria Cardamomum (L.) Maton Zingi- 
beraceae 
Seeds. 
English: Lesser Cardamom; Sanskrit: Upakun- 
chica; Kannada: Hlakkt. 
Amomum subulatum Povb. Zingiberaceae 
Seeds. 
English: Greater Cardamom. 
Myristica fragrans Houtt. Myristicaceae 
The seed and seed-cover (nutmeg and mace). 
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