sonicum (Hub.) Ducke, 8S. parahybum (Vell.) Blake, and 
Senegalia spp. Numerous derivative terms, such as paricd 
branca, paricd de cortume, parica da terra firme, paricd 
grande da terra firme, parica da varzea, paricarand and 
paricazinho are likewise applied to species of the Legu- 
minosae (Record, S. J. & R.W. Hess: ‘“Timbers of the 
New World” (1948) 242 ff.; Le Cointe, P.: ‘‘Arvores 
e plantas tteis,’’ ed. 2 (1947) 387 ff.; Ducke, A.: ‘‘As 
leguminosas da Amazonia brasileira’ (1989) 164-165; 
Penna, M.: ‘‘Diccionario brasileiro de plantas medicin- 
ais’’ ed. 8 (1946) 295; Huber, J. in Bol. Mus. Para. 
Hist. Nat. Ethnog. 6 (1909) 218). 
The only pronouncements which we can, at this mo- 
ment, make are (1) that the paricad of the Rio Negro- 
Uaupés basin is prepared from the bark of certain species 
of the myristicaceous genus Virola and not from the seeds 
of the leguminous genus Piptadenia; and (2) that Pipta- 
denia-snuff or yopo is (at least, at the present time) prob- 
ably unknown and most certainly not employed in this area. 
As the foregoing discussion has pointed out, the iden- 
tification of the botanical sources of South American 
narcotic snuffs in general and of those called paricd in 
particular is in a state of extreme confusion. ‘To a great 
extent, this is directly attributable to the habit, in an- 
thropological and geographical articles, of using the com- 
mon names and of depending upon common names and 
not botanical material for plant identification. This has 
been most forcefully emphasized in a recent and excellent 
summary of our knowledge of stimulants and narcotics 
of the South American Indians, in reference to the vari- 
ous snuffs attributed to Piptadenia (Cooper, J. M.: Bur. 
Amer. Ethnol. Bull. 148 (1949) 586, map 10): 
Our tribal records on which the above list and accompanying dis- 
tribution map (map 10) are based are probably very incomplete. On 
the other hand, some of the attributions may not be correct, since in 
some cases the lack of exact botanical identification makes it doubtful 
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