adjacent Canada (Stanton, 1936). Thellung (1911) re- 
ports it to be adventive in South Africa, South America, 
Australia and New Zealand. Tiickholm et al. (1941) re- 
port it from Egypt, Cyrenaica, Tunis, Algeria and Mo- 
rocco. It may be divided into four subspecies: meridion- 
alis, septentrionalis, fatua and cultiformis. 
Ssp. meridionalis Ma/z., with glumes to 30 mm. 
long, elongate-lanceolate lemmas to 25 mm. long and 
mostly glabrous culm-nodes, is the southernmost sub- 
species, ranging from the mountains of south central 
Asia through Afghanistan, Iran, Transcaucasia and Asia 
Minor to Egypt (Mal’tsev, 1929). 
Ssp. septentrionalis Ma/z., with glumes to 25 mm., 
lanceolate lemmas to 20 mm. long and culm-nodes always 
pubescent, extends from northern Russia and the Ural 
region through western and central Siberia to the Lake 
Baikal region and Mongolia, thence southwestward 
through the mountains of central Asia from the Altai to 
the Pamir Plateau, the Hindu Kush and the northwest 
Himalayas. 
Ssp. fatua, with glumes to 25 mm. long, lanceolate 
lemmas to 20 mm. long, grains 1.5—2 mm. thick, and 
culm-nodes always glabrous, is the western subspecies 
ranging from Turkistan and the Caucasus through south- 
ern Russia, Poland and the whole of western Europe. 
Ssp. cultiformis Ma/z., with glumes to 25 mm. long, 
ovate-lanceolate lemmas to 20 mm. long, grains 2-3 mm. 
thick, and with culm-nodes always glabrous, appears to 
have no well-defined geographical range. It is reported 
by Mal’tsev as being most common in North America, 
but occurring also in Europe eastward to central Russia. 
A. fatua is generally believed (Thellung, 1911; Tra- 
but, 1914; Mal’tsev, 1929) to be the progenitor of A. 
sativa and Thellung (1928) gave 21 transitional forms. 
It will be recalled that Thellung (1911) placed A. sterils 
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