THE TIME OF FLOWEEIIN-G SHOULD BE OBSERVED. 49 



another as regards the flowers. This species is kno-mi at once by its 

 round flower-stalks (the other two have them channelled). 



5, Papaver Rhoeas. Known by the hairs on the flower-stalk 

 spreading at right-angles to it, not pressed close. It is not the first 

 poppy in flower, and hence care must be taken to observe whether 

 any particular specimen belongs to this species or not. 



9, Viola odorata. Care must be taken to observe truly wild 

 specimens, as it is in flower, when under cultivation, long before its 

 wild brethren. 



20, Vicia septum. Xot to be confounded with Vicia sativa, which 

 has the flowers solitary, or rarely two together, whilst V. sepium has 

 the flowers three or four together. 



22, Primus spinosa. There are three species, united by some 

 persons into one under the name of P. commtmis. As a general rule 

 P. spinosa flowers before the expansion of the leaves. It has not 

 unfrequently been confounded with the hawthorn ( Cratcegus Oxya- 

 canthaj, and it will be well for intending observers to understand 

 the numerous and obvious differences between the two. 



25, PotcntiUa Fragariastrum bears some resemblance to the 

 strawberry (Fragaria vescaj. It flowers very much earlier (though 

 some specimens of F. vesca are occasionally found at the same time). 

 The most obvious characteristic between the two is the fact that the 

 sepals of P. Fragariastrum close over the fruit after flowering, 

 whilst they remain expanded in F. vesca ; it is also a much more 

 delicate plant than F. vesca, but a comparison of the actual spe- 

 cimens will alone enable beginners to discriminate between the two. 



42, Centaiirea nigra. Large specimens are not, at first sight, 

 very dissimilar from those of C. scabiosa : C. nigra has the leaves 

 lanceolate ; C. scaliosa has them deeply divided in a pinnate manner. 



63, Mercurialis pere)inis ; 65, Salix caprea ; 66, Corylus AveUava. 

 The opening of both the barren and the fertile flowers of these 

 three should be noted. 



67, Orchis macidata. jSTot to be confounded with 0. mascula, the 

 early pui-ple orchis. This species has pale lilac flowers, and comes 

 into flower when 0. mascula is very nearly over. 



70, Galanthus nivalis. In warm gardens this comes oiit early ; 

 hence locality must be noted, as well as the fact whether plants are 

 generally coming into bloom elsewhere. It may be considered to be 

 in flower when the heads hang down. 



VOL. I. — PT. II. 



